440 COMPOSITE. [Vebnonia 



1. V. Roxburghii, Zess. in LinncBa {1831), 674 ; F, B. I. Hi, 232 j 

 Kanjilal For. Fl, Sch. Circ. 209. Vicoa aspera, DC. [not of 

 Ham.). Eupatorium asperum, Roxh. Fl. Ind, Hi, 415. E. pjrami- 

 dale, Don. Frod. 170. 



An erect rigid scabrid perennial lierb or nnder-shrub. Leaves subsessile, 

 4-5 in. long, elliptic or oborate-lanceolate, acuminate, deeply serrate, 

 subcoriaceous, rongb on both surfaces ; nerves^ sharply prominent 

 beneath. Heads many, |-f in. in diam., fascicled in terminal panicled 

 corymbs. Outer hrads of involucre subulate; inner ^ in., linear, 

 obtuse and apiculate, or acuminate and pungent; all more or less 

 woolly outside. Achenes ^o iii* long, sparsely hairy between the ribs. 

 Papjpus dirty white or reddish. 



Dehra Dun, Siwalik range, and in the Sub-Himalayan tracts of Eohil- 

 khand and N. Oudh, chiefly in sal forests ; also in Bundelkhand. Flowers 

 during the cold season. Distrib. Kumaon, Bengal, Burma, and 

 in C. andW. India. 



2. V. authelmintica, Willd. Sp. Fl. Hi, 1634 ; F.B. I. Hi, 236; 

 Collett Fl. Siml. 245 ; Watt F. D. Serratula anthelmintica, Roxh. 

 FL Ind. Hi, 405 ; Cooke Fl. Bomh. ii, 10. Yern, F^ali ziri. 



A tall robust glandular-pubescent annual. Stem 2-3 ft., much branched, 

 striate, often blotched with purple. Leaves shortly petioled, 3-8 in. 

 long, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, coarsely serrate, mem- 

 branous, rather rough. Heads ^-%in. in diam , sub-corymbose, many 

 flowered ; peduncles long, dilated upwards. Bracts of involucre linear ; 

 outer ones hairy and herbaceous, shorter than the inner ; inter- 

 mediate with herbaceous hairy tips, often constricted below the 

 herbaceous portion ; innermost usually the longest, subacute, scarious 

 and with purplish tips. Achenes \ in., narrowed towards the base, 

 10— ribbed, black, hairy. Pa^^us reddish with an outer row of short 

 rigid persistent scales. 



Found in many parts of the area, but nowhere truly wild. Flowers 

 during the cold season. Disteib. Throughout the plains of India 

 and up to 5,500 ft. on the Himalaya. Often cultivated near villages 

 for the seeds (achenes), a preparation of which is used as a remedy 

 for skin diseases, and as a powder to drive away fleas. 



3. V. revoluta, FCayn. in Trans. Linn. Soc. triv, 218 ; F. B. I. 

 tii, 233' V. oligocephala, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx, 63. 



A dwarf perennial puberulous herb, branching from the somewhat woody 

 base. Stems 2-6 in., erect or ascending, slender, angled, grooved. 

 Leaves sessile, erect, about 1 in. long, linear, apiculate ; midrib pro- 

 minent ; margins revolute, entire. Heads subsolitary, ^ in. in diam., 

 30-40 flowered. Bracts of involucre few, broadly oblong-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, puberulous ; outermost narrowly subulate, often recurved ; 



