476 COMPOSITE, [Cotula. 



36. COTULA. Linn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. iii, 316. 



Small often creeping annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate 

 pinnatifid or pinnatisect, rarely entire or toothed. Heads small, 

 peduncled, heterogamous (rarely homogamous), disciform, yellowr» 

 Outer flowers female, 1-2-senate, fertile ; corolla conic or 0. Disk- 

 flowers 2-sexual, fertile, tube slender or stout and 2-winged, limb 

 4-fid. Involucre hemispheric or campanulate ; bracts 8ub-2- seriate,, 

 herbaceous or membranous, margins often scarious. Meceptacle 

 naked. Anther-bases obtuse, entire. Style-arms of 2-sexual flower, 

 truncate or obtuse, styles of sterile flowers sometimes entire. Achenes 

 fii the ray or all stipitfite, compressed, nerveless or 2-4-nervedy 

 sometimes sheathed at the top by the base of the corolla, at other 

 times with a short ear-shaped pappus. — Species about 40, in tropical and 

 temperate regions. 



Leaf -segments not aristate, achenes of 



disk-flowers winged . • . 1. C anthemoides. 



Leaf -segments aristate, achenes of disk- 

 flowers not winged . . . . 2. C. hemispJicerica^ 



1. C. antbemoldesjXinn. 8p. PI. 891; Royle III, 248 ; F. B. 1. iii, 316 ; 

 Watt E. D.Pleiogyne cardiosperma, Edgew. in. Trans Linn, Soc.xx, 71. 



A weak diffuse much-branched usually glabrous annual. Leaves i-| 

 in. long, 1-2-pinnatisect, ^-amplexicaul at the base; ultimate seg- 

 ments obtuse or shortly mucronate. Heads i-l in. in diam., solitary 

 on the naked filiform peduncles. Achenes of disk-flowers with thick 

 narrow wings. 



Upper Gang. PI. (Eoyle), Moradabad (T. Thomson), Banda (Edgeworth). 

 Flowers Jan. to March. Disteib. Punjab Plain, Behar, extending 

 to China and N. and S. Africa. The flowers heated with oil are used a& 

 an external remedy for rheuniatism. n^^ 



2. C. hemisphserica, Wall, Cat. 3236 ; F. B. I. iii, 316. Artemisia 

 hemisphserica, Boxh. Fl. Ind. iii, 422. 



An erect annual, glabrous or villous above. Stems 6-8 in. long, branched 

 above. Leaves pinnatisect or the uppermost simple ; segments many, 

 linear, aristate. Heads ^ in. in diam., solitary, pednncled, hemispheric, 

 erect in flower, inclined or drooping in fruit. Corolla of the minute fem» 

 flowers 2-toothed or 0. Achenes angled, not winged. 



Common within the area, especially in the Sub-Himalayan tracta of 

 Eohilkhand and N. Oudh. Flowers Jan.-March. Disteib. Plains 

 of Punjab and Bengal and up to 2,500 ft. in Garhwal ; also in 

 Chittagong and China. 



