EcHiNOPS.] COMPOSITM. 4t79 



39. SENECIO, Linn. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. iii, 338. 



Herbs undevshrubs or shrubs. Leaves radical or alternate, entire 

 or variously divided. Heads solitary corymbose or racemose, hetero- 

 gamous (rarely homogamous), usually yellow. Itay-fiowers female, 

 fertile, ligulate (or 0). Disk-flowers 2-sexual, fertile, tubular, 

 5-fid. Involucre various ; bracts \- or sub-2 -seriate, equal, erect, 

 free or connate at the base, with few or many very short 

 outer ones (heads bracteolate). Beceptacle flat or convex, naked, 

 pitted or fimbrillate. Anther-bases obtuse, or auricled, or minutely 

 tailed. Style-arms of the 2'sexual flowers recurved, tips truncate 

 and penicillate, rarely rounded or with a short narrow point. 

 Achenes subterete ; outer dorsally compressed, 5'10-ribbed. 

 Pappus-hairs copious or sparse, soft, white, smooth, scabrid or bar- 

 bellate. — Species about 900 ; chiefly in temperate regions and on 

 mountains in the tropics. 



S. nudicaulis. Bam. ex Bon Prod, 179 ; F. B. I, Hi, 340 ; Collett Fl* 

 Siml. 269. S. denudatus, Don Prod. 179. 



A glabrous or sparsely pubescent herb, 6 in. to 3 ft. high, usually scapi- 

 gerous. Eoots very fleshy. Leaves lobulate pinnatifid coarsely crenate 

 toothed or nearly entire, usually smooth on the upper surface and 

 tinged with purple beneath ; radical leaves usually forming a rosette, 

 sessile or narrowed into a winged petiole ; cauline few, sessile, up to 7 

 in. long, linear-oblong or obovate, obtuse, irregularly crenate lobulate 

 or toothed, the base contracted or dilated and auricled. Heads many, 

 arranged in terminal corymbose panicles, f in. in diam., many-flowered, 

 broadly campanulate ; bracteoles minute and subulate or sometimes 

 foliaceous. Invol-hracts oblong, acute, or lanceolate and acuminate, 

 3-nerved, margins broadly scarious. Flowers yellow. Ligules long, 

 narrow. 3-toothed. Anther-hases not tailed. Achenes puberulcus, all 

 with whitish pappus 



Dehra Dun and Siwalik range (Edgeworth, Gamble, Duthie). Flowers 

 during May and June. Disteib. Parasnath in Chota Nagpur, common 

 on the W. Himalaya up to 10,000 ft. and eastwards to Bhutan ; N. W. 

 Frontier mthe Kurram Valley, in Waziristan and in the Gilgit District. 

 This plant is much used by the village people in Jaunsar and Garhwal 

 for its medicinal properties. 



40. ECHINOPS, Linn, ; Fl. Brit. Ind. iii, 358. 



Thistle-like herbs, with white tomentum. Leaves- alternate, 

 pinnatifid, spinous. Seads in globose involucrate balls, blue or 

 white, sessile or shortly stipitate on a common receptacle, 1-flowered^ 

 Flowers 2-8exual, all fertile, tube slender, limb with 5 slender seg- 



