•OoNiocAULO.v.] COMPOSITE. 483 



2. S. caudicans, Clarice Comp. Ind. 232 ; F, B. I. ii% 873 ; Watt E. D. ; 

 Collett Fl. 8iml, 274. Aplotaxis scaposa, Edgew. in Trans, Linn. 8oc» 

 XX, 76. 



Annual. Stems 2-5 ft. high, usually simple helow, cottony. Leaves up^o 

 18 in. long, oblong or ohovate-oblong, entire or sinuate-toothed or 

 lobed at the base or lyrate-pinnatifid, glabrous or pubescent above, 

 cottony or white-tomentose beneath ; eauline few, smaller, sessile 

 lanceolate. Heads long-peduncled, 1-1^ in. in diam., arranged in large 

 open panicled corymbs, or occasionally solitary. Invol-brads cottony 

 or pubescent, lanceolate and with sharp acuminate points. Eeceptacle 

 bristles long. C or oU a upwards of | in. long, pale-red. Anther-tail 

 lacerate. Achenes^ in., 5-angied, muricate. Pappus-hairs very slen- 

 der, equalling the corolla, white ; outer pappus 0. 



A common weed in cultivated ground. Distbib. Plains of Bengal and 

 Punjab, SaltEange, W. Himalaya from Hazara to Bhutan up to 6,000 

 ft.; also in Afghanistan and Baluchistan. A small scapose form with 

 solitary heads is occasionally met with. The seeds are carminative 

 and are collected in the Punjab. 



3. S. albescens, Boole, f. ex Clarice Comp. Ind. 233; F. B. I. m, 374 ; 



■Collett Fl. Siml. 274. 



A tall perennial herb, 6-10 ft. high. Stems erect, rigid, rather slender ; 

 simple below, branching near the top, more or less cottony or tomen- 

 tose. Leaves variable in length and breadth, up to 12 in. long, acute 

 or acuminate, entire sinuate-lobed or subpinnatifid, glabrous scabrid or 

 cobwebby above, more or less cottony or tomentose beneath ; lower 

 )petioled, narrowly oblong ; upper ovate oblong-ovate or linear. 

 Heads stalked, erect, narrow, 5-6-flowered, -|-f in. long, in copious 

 long-peduncled terminal and axillary flat-topped corymbs. Invol-hracts 

 erect, glabrous or rarely cottony, rigid, usually with a purplish tinge; 

 outer ovate, acute, inner lanceolate. Eeceptacle very narrow, bristles 

 longer than the achenes. Corolla | in. long, pale-red. Anther-cells 

 fimbriate. Achenes narrow, i-angled, muricate above, top much cupped. 

 Inner pappus white, outer 0. 



'Dehra Dun (Gamble). Flowers Sep. and Oct. Distrib. Punjab Plain, 

 and on the W. Himalaya from Kashmir to Nepal, ascending to 10,000 

 ft., also in W. Tibet. 



43. GONIOCAULON, Cass. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. iii, 377. 



An erect glabrous branched annual; stem acutely 4-8-aiigled. 

 Leaves narrow, alternate, toothed. Meads narrow, fascicled and 

 corymbose, homogamous. Flowers few, all 2-sexuaI, fertile and 

 eimilar, tube slender ; limb longer, cylindric, 5-fid to the middle or 

 lower. Involucre oblong, tapering to the base ; iracif*many-seriate, 

 paie, very narrow, rigid, acute, erect, not spinescent ; outer gradually 

 shorter. Receptacle very narrow, paleaceous. Filaments hairy 



