492 COMtOSIT^, [Sokchub. 



upwards. InvohhracU cordate, with, very broad membranous margins 

 and thickened tips, inner oblong. Achenes i'^ in. long, 4-angled, or of 

 4 monilif orm ribs, pale and corky. Pappus ^ in* very soft, and white. 



Etawah district (A. O. Hume, Duthie), Fattehgarh ( Edgewortb), Ajmir 

 (Jacqnemont). Distbib. Pun]ab, on Mt. Tilla (Aitchison), Punjab 

 Plain (Jacquemont, Stewart); also in Baluchistan and Afghanistan, 

 extending to S. Eur., N. Africa and the Canary Islands. Jacquemont's 

 Ajmir specimens (var. subintegra in F. B. 1. I.e.) with tall stout stems 

 and almost entire leaves probably represent, as Sir Joseph Hooker 

 suggests, a luxuriant state of this species growing in rich soil. 



52. SONCHUS, Linn.; Tl. Brit. Ind. iii, 413. 

 Annual or perennial milky herbs. Leaves radical or alternate 

 eauline often stem-claspings entire toothed or pinnatifid, segments 

 often spinulose-toothed. Heads terminal, irregularly subcorymbose 

 umbellate or panicled, yellow, homogamous. Flowers all ligulate. 

 Involucre ovoid, campanulate or cylindric, often dilated thickened 

 and conic at the base ; bracts many-seriate, herbaceous, outer smaller. 

 Receptacle flat, naked. Achenes ovoid obovoid or ellipsoid, com- 

 pressed, not beaked, ribbed, ribs smooth or transversely rugose. 

 Fappus copious, hairs many-seriate, very slender, simple, usually 

 white and united at the base into a deciduous ring.— Species about 

 24 ; in N. temperate regions and C. Asia, occurring often in other 

 countries as introductions. 



Auricles of cauline leaves spreading, acute • 1. 8. oleraceus. 

 Auricles of cauline leaves appressed, obtuse. 

 Invol-bracts without gland-tipped hairs ; 

 achenes much compressed, not transverse- 

 ly rugose 2. 8. asper» 



Invol-bracts gland-hairy; achenes slightly 

 compressed, transversely rugose • . 3. 5. arvensis. 



1* S. oleraceus, Linn. 8p. PI. 794 ; Boxh. Fl. Ind. iii, 402 ; Royle 111. 



247 ; F. B. 1. iii, 414 ; Watt E. D. ; Collett Fl. Siml. 287; Goalee Fl. Bomb. 



ii,61. 



An erect annual, 2-3 ft. high, glabrous or sparsely glandular-hispid. 

 8tem subumbellately branched above, glaucous. Leaves thin, 6-10 in. 

 long, lanceolate, entire, or pinnatifid and with the terminal lobe large 

 and the lateral lobes pointing downwards, teeth small; the base 

 l-amplexicaul and with acute spreading auricles. Heads |-1 fiU' in 

 diam., arranged in umbellate cymes. Invol-bracts glaihTovLB or nearly so. 

 Achenes i in., compressed, narrowly obovoid, the faces 3-ribbed and 

 muriculate between the ribs. 



