Launj:a.] C0MP081TJE, 493 



Atundant within the area, especially on cultivated ground. Flowers 

 after the cold season. Distbib. Throughout India, and up to 8,000 ft. 

 on the Himalaya ; also in China, and in many temperate and tropical 

 countries, but often introduced. The root and leaves are used medi- 

 cimtlly, and the latter sometimes as a vegetable. Cattle are very 

 fond of this plant. 



.2. S. asper. Bill Herb. Brit, i, 47 j F. B, I. Hi, 414; Collett Fl. Siml. 

 237; Cooke, Ft. Bomb, ii, 62. 



An annual, 2-3 ft. high, glabrous or sparsely glandular above. Leaves 

 6-10 in. long ; cauline lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, entire runcinate or 

 pinnatifid, i-amplexicaul at the base ; auricles rounded, appreased, the 

 margins undulate and dentate or spinous-dentaie. Heada crowded in 

 umbel-like cymes, |-1 in. in diam. Invol-bracta glabrous. Achenes 

 compressed, the faces 3-ribbed, not or only faintly rugose between 

 the ribs. 



Not so abundant as the preceding, but occurring in similar localities. 

 Flowers during the cold season. Distkib. Widely distributed in 

 India, and on the Himalaya up to 12,000 ft. ; also in China and in 

 many temperate and tropical countries, but often introduced. 



3. S. arvensis, Linn. f?p. PI. 793; Royle III. 247 ; F. B.I. Hi, 414; 

 Watt E. D ; Collett Fl. Siml. 288; Cooke Fl. Bomb, ii, 62. S. orixensis 

 Itoxh. Fl. Ind. Hi, 402. 



A perennial, with a creeping and stoloniferous rootstock. 8tem 2.4 ft., 

 hollow, angular, umbelJately branched and glandular-hairy above. 

 Leaves mostly radical, runcinate-pinnatifid, spinous-toothed ; cauline 

 amplexicaul, with aporessed rounded auricles ; uppermost leaves 

 linear. Heads few, 1-2 in. in diam., umbeilately corymbose ; peduncles 

 and invol-bracts gland-hispid. Achenes narrow., slightly compressed, 

 prominently ribbed on each face and transversely rugose. Pappus 

 very white. 



DehraDun, and probably throughout the Sub-Himalayan tracts east- 

 wards. Flowers during the cold season. Distrib. Sparingly throughout 

 the plains of India, more abundant ou the hills, ascending to 8,000 ft. 

 on the Himalaya ; also in China and in most temperate and many 

 tropical countries, either wild or introduced. The plant is used 

 medicinally in many parts of India, and cattle are very fond of eating it. 



58. LAUN.ffiA. Cass j Fl. Brit. Ind. iii, 414* 



Perennial glabrous herbs, often with yellow juice. Leaves chiefly 

 radical, sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid, margins often spinnlose-toothed. 

 Seads homogamous, peduncled, or lateral and sessile on the branches! 

 racemose or paniculate, or solitary or in fascicles, yellow. Flowers all 

 ligulate. Involucre campanulate or cylindric ; bracts many-seriate 

 iherbaceons, margins often membranous, inner subequal, outer various' 



