Campanula.] CAMFANULACEJE. 499 



inferior, 2-celled ; ovules very many, on stalked placentas ; s#;y^e 

 short, stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Cajpsule ^-inferior, membranousj 

 ouneate and angled below, flat on the top, circamscissilely dehiscing 

 at the margin of the calyx-tube. Seeds narrowly oblong; testa 

 somewhat lax. — A single species distributed throughout the warmer 

 regions of both hemispheres. 



S. zeylanica, Qmrtn. Fruct. i, 113, t. 24; Roxb, Fl. Ind. i, 507 ; F. B. 



in, 488 ; Cooke FL Bomb, ii, 75. 



Stem 1-3 ft. high, stout, simple or hranehed, glabrous. Leaves sessile or 

 shortly petioled, 2-3 in. longr, narrowed at hoth ends, glabrous. 

 JPloiuers greenish-yellow, in dense spikes which are f -2 in. long, the 

 peduncles of spikes 1 — 2 in. long. Calyx-lohes triangular, -^^ in., 

 somewhat enlarged and inflexed in fruit. Capsule i in. in diam., 

 wedge-shaped and angled below, crowned above with the persistent 

 calyx-lohes. Seeds minute, microscopically scabrous. 



Abundant in swamps. Flowers in Oct. Distrib. Throughout India 

 and in Ceylon, and in warm regions of both hemispheres. 



4. CAMPANULA. Linn. ; FI. Brit. Ind. iii, 438. 



Perennial or annual herbs, erect or decumbent. Leaves alternate^ 

 or the radical subrosulate, f lom ovate to linear. Flowers peduncled 

 or subsessile, axillary or terminal, panicled spicate or subcapitate, 

 purple or white. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate ; limb 

 deeply 5-lobed, persistent. Corolla campanulate, usually 5-fid. 

 Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at the base, anthers free. Ovary 

 inferior, 3-(rarely 4-5-) celled ; ovules very many in each cell ; style 

 cylindrlc, stigma shortly 3-5-lobed. Cafsule obovoid or elongate, 

 truncate, dehiscing by small valves at the base or on the sides 

 outside the calyx-lobes. Seeds ellipsoid or compressed and mar- 

 gined. — Species about 230, natives chiefly of the north temperate 

 hemisphere and in the mountainous regions of Asia. 



C. canescens. Wall, Cat. 1289; Boyle III. 253; F. B. I. iii, 439; 

 Collett Fl. Siml. 291. 



An erect hispid herb. Stems 6-24 in. high. Leaves 1-2 in. long, oblong or 

 lanceolate, crenate. Flowers many, in panicled clusters, dimorphic, 

 both forms often on one stem, the one complete and the other smaller 

 (cleistogamic) with neither corolla nor stamens. Calyx-teeth linear- 

 lanceolate, ^ in., but scarcely half that size in the imperfect flowers. 

 Corolla 4 in. long", broadly campanulate, greyish purple, lobes short. 

 Ovary 3-or occasionally 5-celled. Capsule i-4 in. in diam., or in the 

 imperfect flowers much smxUer. Seeds very minute, hardly compressed. 



