LEVELLING AND TOPOGRAPHY. 6y 



pages would read ** Levels on Line A," '* Levels on 

 Line B/' etc. 



The stations at which levels are taken should be num- 

 bered as they are on the stakes. Additional natural 

 features of the surface should be noted on the book in 

 connection with the elevation of the stations. When 

 the whole farm has thus been gone over, the level book 

 will show the elevation of the ground at the position 

 of every stake that has been set, which forms the data 

 from which a map is to be made. 



Practical Hints. — Before leaving the description of 

 the field work several practical hints will not come 

 amiss. The staking may be done by two active young 

 men, one at each end of a steel band chain, if it is 

 preferred. The head chainman carries the stakes in a 

 hand basket and sticks one at the end of the chain, the 

 rear chainman lining him in by a flag-pole, which has 

 been previously set at the proper place. The rear chain- 

 man numbers the stake properly and drives it with a 

 hatchet. The stakes at the boundary of the farm should 

 be permanent ones and remain in position so that the 

 points in the interior can be produced at anytime desired. 



When the levelling is being done, two lines may be 

 taken at one setting, and upon completing the first two 

 lines the next two may be taken from the upper end 

 back toward the base line, provided care be taken to 

 keep the notes in order so thai each station shall have 

 its proper elevation recorded against it. 



* * Bench-marks ' ' should be established at convenient 

 places for future reference. ** Turning-points *' should 

 be taken on pegs, but other levels may be taken from 

 the ground surface. 



