'J2 ENGINEERING FOR LAND DRAINAGE. 



first stake near the outlet of the main and about 14 

 inches to the right of the centre of the proposed drain. 

 Drive the grade stake to the surface of the ground, and 

 the guide stake about 4 inches beyond it, as shown 

 in Fig. 14. Let the fore chainman hold the forward 

 handle of the chain and a guide stake in a vertical posi- 



^^ 



Fig. 14. — Guide-stakes and Hubs. 



tion in the same hand, and let the rear chainman, with 

 the handle of the chain at the grade stake and his eye 

 directly over it, line him in with the flag which marks 

 the position of the line to be staked out. The fore 

 chainman sticks the stake where directed and drops a 

 grade stake by it. He then pulls ahead another 

 length of the chain and is again put into line. The 

 rear chainman drives the stakes and marks them with 

 a large lead-pencil in order, calling the first stake o 

 and the next i, etc., for all full stations from outlet to 

 the upper end of the drain. 



Where curves are made, intermediate stakes should 

 be set in such a way that they can be followed and 

 used in digging the ditch, and should be marked so as 

 to indicate the number of feet from the outlet up to each 



