ROAD DRAINAGE. I95 



In laying the joints of pipe, the bell end should be 

 laid up-grade, the spigot end fitted into the bell after 

 the bottom of the latter has been covered with cement 

 mortar, and the entire joint then filled with the same, 

 making a continuous and water-tight channel. When 

 the joints are laid dry, water frequently runs through 

 them in sufficient quantities to underwash the sections 

 and displace them, especially if the fall is 6 or more 

 inches in 20 feet, as it should be if practicable. A 

 thorough tamping of the earth about the pipe is indis- 

 pensable to a good culvert of this kind. 



Drainage of Paved Roads. 



The construction of brick and macadam roads now 

 in use in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, as described and 

 illustrated by Mr. J. F. Brown, the engineer, in Bulletin 

 No. 17, issued by the Office of Road Inquiry, is partic- 

 ularly pertinent and suggestive since their utility has 

 been demonstrated and brought into favor with the 

 travelling public of that progressive county. 



He says: 



* * A description of the building of the road known as 

 Wooster pike will serve to illustrate how a good road 

 may be made, over which heavy loads may pass at all 

 times of the year, requiring but very little repairs for a 

 long term of years, and those repairs being easily and 

 cheaply accomplished. 



* * The soil along that road is a heavy white clay, hard 

 to drain and difficult to keep in place unless it is thor- 

 oughly graded and prepared to resist the action of frost 

 or travel. It was claimed by many people who had 

 spent their lives in the neighborhood that it would be 



