MIGULA’S CLASSIFICATION 97 
Fischer (1897) proposed a classification and system of nomenclature 
in which the root of the generic name expressed the shape of the cell 
and the ending the arrangement of the flagella as follows: 
Baktron = rod inlum = monotrichous 
Kloster =spindle illum =lopotrichous 
Plectron = drum stick idium = peritrichous 
Using this system a peritrichous rod weuld be a “ bactronidium.”’ 
Fischer’s system met with little approval and is not used by 
bactertologists. 
Lehmann and Neumann (1899) published their classification which 
has had rather extended use in the science. It has been used to a great 
extent by the medical men. They proposed the following system: 
I. Coccackz# 
1. Streptococcus. Dividing in one plane. 
2. Sarcina. Dividing in three planes. 
3. Micrococcus. Irregular division, including all but clearly 
marked packets and chains. 
Il. BactTerRiaces 
1. Bacterium. With no endospores, rods usually 0.8-1.0 microns 
in diameter. 
2. Bacillus. With endospores, rods, may be more than 1.0 micron 
in diameter. 
III. Sprriuacks® 
1. Vibrio. Short, rigid, slightly curved cells, with 1 to 2 polar 
flagella. 
2. Spirillum. Long rigid spiral cells, with lophotrichic flagella. 
3. Spirochete. Long flexible spiral cells, flagella not observed; 
motility accomplished by undulating membrane. 
This is essentially a morphological classification and has many 
advantages. It was produced at about the same time that Migula 
proposed his system. . 
Jensen (1909) made an attempt to group bacteria according to their 
natural development. He made three divisions as follows: 
1. Those bacteria which do not require organic nitrogen or organic 
carbon. 
