138 STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION 
mentation has taken place decant the clear liquid and add 40 gms. of 
boric acid. The solution is then ready to use. 
Formula No. 2. Dissolve 100 gms. of sodium carbonate, 80 gms. of 
calcium hypochlorite in 10 liters of water. This should give a solution 
of about } per cent of hypochlorite. 
In the use of this solution the wound should be kept constantly 
moist. Doctor Carrel applies the solution every hour or two hours, 
the amount used generally depending upon the character of the wound. 
Generally 5 to 10 c.c. were applied every two hours. The use of this 
solution is being extended to other infections such as puerperal sepsis, etc. 
The absolute germicidal power of the chemical was studied by 
Nissen (1890). He used pure cultures and secured the following 
results which are quoted from Hooker: 
4 
By Dilutions of 
Organisms Killed. Minutes Chioride of Lime. 
Bacillus typhosus. ....0 ......5 see eeeeeee 1 1-800 
Bacillus typhogus...........0 0 cece cee neues 10 1-1600 
Bacillus choleree.......0 00 fc eee cnc eee ees 1 1-800 
Bacillus cholerae... . 2.0.0... e cece eee eee 10 1-600 
Bacillus anthracis... 2.0.2... eee eee eee 1 1-1000 
Staph. pyogenes aureus ...........-.-005- 5 1-800 
Streptococcus erysipelatus ..... ....... 5. 1 1-200 
Anthrax spores. 6k ce eee ee eee eee eee 15 1-20 
Anthrax Spores... 2... cece cece cee eee eee 20 1-100 
trent 
Hooker has collected an excellent résumé of the literature up to 1913. 
Calcium Oxide, CaO. This is known as quick lime and is caustic 
in the presence of organic matter. It may be used in two forms as 
slaked lime and milk of lime. Slaked hme is prepared by adding a pint 
or pound of water in two pounds of lime. The reaction proceeds as 
follows: 
CaO+ H20 = Ca(OH). 
This will react with carbon dioxide to give calcium carbonate as 
follows: 
Ca(OH)2+ CO2= CaCO3+ H20. 
Milk of lime is a thick mixture containing 4 to 6 parts of slaked lime. 
This milk of lime reacts with carbon dioxide to form the carbonate as 
does the slaked lime. Therefore these mixtures should be used as 
soon after preparation as possible. 
