422 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS 
Pathogenic Streptococci. Much evidence has accumulated to show 
that septic sore throat may be caused by streptococci which originate 
in milk from cows suffering from mastitis. Cows suffering from garget 
are regarded as of special importance in this connection. Capps and 
Downs (1914) found a dairy farm where mastitis was present in the 
cows and where the milkers had sore throat. The milk from this dairy 
was delivered to a dairy company which did not pasteurize its milk end 
consequently an extensive epidemic of septic sore throat resulted. 
Krumwiede and Valentine (1915) during the investigation of an epidemic 
regarded the infection as of human rather than of bovine origin. They 
suggest that ‘in tracing the source of an epidemic the effort should be 
toward finding cases of sore throat among those engaged in producing 
the milk, not mastitis in the cow alone. If human streptococci are 
found in mastitis, they are most likely secondary agents in an already 
existing inflammation due to bovine strains. . The streptococci in dif- 
ferent epidemics differ culturally and those similar culturally differ in 
their immunity reactions. Cultural similarity of strains from man and 
cattle is insufficient to prove their identity. Cultural identity in every 
detail or immunological identity is essential.”’ Rosenow and Moon 
(1915) studied an epidemic of septic sore throat and, after tracing it to 
milk, isolated virulent streptococci from the milk. These showed 
selective preference for joints, muscles, gall bladder, ete., and resembled 
certain rheumatic strains morphologically and culturally. These 
investigators regard virulent streptococci in milk as possible sources of 
those which cause rheumatism and other chronic infections. Roscnow 
and Hess (1917) also traced another epidemic of this disease to the milk 
from three cows. Winslow and Hubbard (1915) reported a contact 
epidemic of this infeetion. Smaller epidemics have been studied by 
Overman (1914), Henika and Thompson (1917) and others. Smillie 
(1917) has stated that the streptococci of septic sore throat resemble 
those of scarlet fever and that discharges from such patients may infect 
the milk and cause septic sore throat. Ayres and Johnson (1914) 
studied the possibility of streptococci surviving pasteurization. Out 
of 139 cultures isolated from cow feces, the mouth of the cow and milk, 
64.03 per cent of them survived a pasteurization temperature of 140° F. 
Thirty-three and seven hundredths per cent survived at 145° F. At 
165° F. none were able to survive. These data might indicate that the 
streptococci which were pathogenic for man could under certain con- 
ditions pass through the pasteurization process. 
Allen (1916, 1917) has shown that raw milk as compared with pas- 
teurized milk exerts a powerful suppressing influence on the multipli- 
