36 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Sec. 6. That any person who by any 
process recovers from wines fortified un- 
der the provisions of the aforesaid Act 
approved October first, eighteen hundred 
and ninety, or amendments thereto, any 
brandy or wine spirits used in the man- 
ufacture or fortification of said wine, 
otherwise than is provided’ for in said 
Act and its amendments, or who shall 
rectify, mix, or compound with other dis- 
tilled spirits such fortified wines or grape 
brandy or wine spirits unlawfully recov- 
ered therefrom, shall, on conviction, be 
punished for each such offense by a fine 
of not less than two hundred dollars nor 
more than one thousand dollars. But the 
provisions of this section, and the pro- 
visions of section thirty-two hundred and 
forty-four of the Revised Statutes of the 
United States, as amended, relating to 
rectification, shall not be held to apply 
to the blending of pure sweet wines for- 
tified under the provisions of the said Act 
of October first, eighteen hundred and 
ninety, or amendments thereto, where 
such wines are blended for the sole pur- 
pose of perfecting the same according to 
commercial standard. H. W. Wurey, 
Chief, Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. De- 
partment of Agriculture. 
AND GASOLINE IN FARM 
ENGINES 
Sources of Power 
There are two great sources of power 
and an infinitely varied series of me- 
chanical devices and machines for the 
generation of power. Water power always 
has been used and probably always will 
be used so long as the rain falls, but it 
is insufficient for our present needs or 
geographically unavailable. The greatest 
source of power is fuel. Fuels may be 
divided into two series—those that now 
exist in the form of natural deposits and 
those which are being produced continu- 
ously. All of the coals, hard and soft, 
with the lignites and peats, the crude oils 
and natural gas, exist in the form of 
deposits; and, while it is true that the 
decay of vegetable matter may be today 
forming more deposits of the same nature, 
it is equally true that we are using the 
present supply faster than the rate of pro- 
duction. The newest fuel for power pur- 
poses is alcohol. This is made from the 
yearly crops of plants. There is in ex- 
istence no natural deposit of alcohol, but 
in a sense it may be said to be possible to 
produce inexhaustible supplies. 
ALCOHOL 
It is only within recent time that en- 
gineers have known how to build engines 
that would produce power from alcohol; 
and still more recent is the further dis- 
covery by engineers that this power can 
be produced at a cost which may permit 
its general introduction. 
By far the largest part of the power now 
being used comes from steam produced 
by the use of coal. This is chiefly due to 
the fact that as a rule when it can be 
used it is cheaper than possible substi- 
tutes, although it is partly due to the fact 
that steam power is better adapted to some 
classes of work and is older and better 
known than power generated by the gas 
engine in its varied forms. In the point 
of present use, water power stands next 
to steam in importance. This is largely 
due to the fact that water power is among 
the earliest in point of development, but 
more largely to the fact that it has be- 
come possible to transform water power 
into electrical power, which can be 
transmitted long distances, and so over- 
come geographical isolation of the 
sources. 
Next in quantity produced stands power 
generated by the gas engine. This class 
of engines includes all machines in which 
the fuel mixed with air is burned or ex- 
ploded within the working chambers, 
whether the fuel be gas produced from 
coal, natural gas, vapors of any of the 
mineral oils, vegetable or animal oils, or 
alcohol. The subordinate position occu- 
pied by this source of power is due partly 
to the fact that engineers have only re 
cently discovered, and are today discover- 
ing, how best to build these machines and 
adapt them to the work they are to do. 
Wind and wave power stand at the foot 
of the list and always will, so far as 
quantity of power developed is concerned. 
This is because of the irregularity of the 
sources of supply and their comparatively 
feeble nature. 
Comparative Cost of Power from 
Different Sources 
The cost of producing power from any 
of the above sources is made up of a num- 
ber of items, including interest on the 
first cost of the installation, depreciation 
