APPLES 81 
Number of varietal names of apples in last revision of American Pomological 
Society’s ‘‘recommended list?*.. 2 ee ae ce wee 319 
Number of crab apple names, same SOUICE.... le ce eee ee ee eee 32 
Total number in American Pomological Society lists .... 351 
Number of varietal names of apples and crabs published in 1892 in 95 catalogues 878 
Approximate number of distinct varieties of apples included in same catalogues 735 
Approximate number crab varieties offered in same catalogues . _ 40 
TOCA] ...cccececeeseeccceenncecceceeesecceecenvenstavensecteenee caaceacecnce ceueee eos ee caneaee ceeee cesses cease we ce nenees 13 
Number of varieties of apples offered for sale in 1910 in 100 catalogues... ...... 472 
Number of crab apple varieties in same catalogues -~ ole ce ee be tee e neeeee 59 
6 AY 0) senecesecsnenen « . 531 
It is interesting to note here, contrast- 
ing the results secured from an examina- 
tion of 95 catalogues in 1892 and 100 
eatalogues in 1910, that there was a 
smaller number of varieties offered for 
sale in the 1910 collection than there was 
in the collection of 1892 by about 263. In- 
cluding the crabs the difference was 244 
as more crabs were offered in 1891 than 
there were in 1892. 
We can name about ten varieties of ap- 
ples which comprise probably 75 to 90 
per cent of the apples that enter into 
commerce. Such a variety list might 
comprise the Baldwin, Ben Davis, Jona- 
than, Northern Spy, Rhode Island Green- 
ing, Roxbury, Tompkins King, Yellow 
Newtown and York Imperial. These vari- 
eties are at least among the more im- 
portant commercial sorts. And what of 
their history? Baldwin has been fruiting 
since the middle of the eighteenth cen- 
tury; Ben Davis doubtless began to be 
propagated a hundred years ago; Jonathan 
was shown on an exhibit table in 1829. 
Northern Spy has tickled the palate of 
the consumer for more than a hundred 
years; Rhode Island Greening was rec- 
ommended for its long keeping qualities 
in 1806; scions of Roxbury were being 
grafted as long ago as 1650; Tompkins 
King had made something of a history 
for itself as far back as 1806. No one 
knows whence came the Winesap but it 
was described in 1817. Benjamin Frank- 
lin received specimens of Yellow New- 
town (Albemarle Pippin) in London in 
1759, while York Imperial has been prop- 
* Bureau of Plant Industry, Bulletin 151. T. 
S. Department of Agriculture; also Proceedings 
American Pomological Society, 1909. 
agated commercially for about 80 years. 
What a history! There are comparatively 
few men who are growing apples in the 
United States today who haven’t been 
born since the most recent of this galaxy 
of varieties originated. And yet these are 
the sorts which are very largely making 
commercial apple growing what it is at 
the present time. 
Of course there are other important 
sorts that are recent candidates for fa- 
vor, such as Stayman Winesap, but it is 
now 45 years since Dr. Stayman planted 
the seed from which it came; and Arkan- 
sas, better known as Mammoth Black 
Twig, but the original tree of this vari- 
ety is probably 75 or 80 years old; and 
a Virginia variety now bidding for favor 
—-Lowry, or Mosby’s Best or Dixie, as it 
is variously called; but the original of this 
variety first attracted attention many 
years ago; and Delicious—this at first 
thought impresses us as a _ distinctly 
“new” apple as it was commercialy intro- 
duced only about six years ago. Yet as 
a young tree probably five or six years 
old, it began to attract attention locally 
about 30 years ago. 
These varieties forever link the past 
with the present in fruit growing, even 
reaching over in prospect, far into the 
future. They forcibly illustrate how an 
apple variety must be old in point of years 
before it can have an important place in 
the apple industry. 
Development of Spraying 
Turning now to another phase of the 
question, a few statements will point out 
the course of development in the spraying 
of orchards for insect pests and fungus 
