88 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
moisture to be classed as a moist soil, yet 
it is not so heavy as to be ill-drained if 
surface drainage is not sufficient. The 
soil should be moderately rich in organic 
matter, decidedly more so than for the 
Baldwin. Such soil conditions maintain 
a long seasonal growth under uniform 
eonditions of moisture, and yet produce 
a firm, crisp texture, the remarkable 
juiciness and high flavor for which this 
variety is noted when, at its best. 
Hubbardston Soils 
The Hubbardston requires a light sandy 
soil. The lighest soil on which the Bald- 
win will succeed is about the heaviest re- 
quired for the Hubbardston. Perhaps no 
apple will utilize a more sandy soil than 
this variety. This does not mean that it 
will sueceed on poor light sands; for in 
such a soil, the apple will not attain suf- 
ficient size to be of value, nor is the tree 
vigorous enough. But the soil should al- 
ways be very mellow. A rich fine sandy 
loam to at least the depth of a foot is 
preferable and the subsoil may well be of 
the same texture. 
Northern Spy Soils 
This variety is one of the most exact- 
ing in soil requirements. To obtain a 
good quality of fruit, fine texture, juici- 
ness, and high flavor, the soil must be 
moderately heavy and for the first two 
qualities alone, the Rhode Island Green- 
ing soils would be admirably adapted. 
However, the fact that the Northern Spy 
is a red apple makes it imperative that 
the color be well developed and the skin 
free from the greasy tendency. This ne- 
cessitates a fine adjustment of soil con- 
ditions. The habit of tree growth also 
is such as to require attention. Its ten- 
dency to grow upright seems to be accen- 
tuated on too clayey soils, if well en- 
riched, and such soils tend to produce 
wood growth faster than the tree is able 
to mature. On the other hand, sandy 
soils, while producing good color and 
clear skins fail to bring fruit satisfactory 
in quality in respect to texture and flavor. 
The keeping quality too is inferior to 
that of the Spy grown on heavier soils 
in the same district. Hence the soil re- 
quirements of this variety are very exact- 
ing, and are best supplied apparently by 
a medium loam, underlaid by a heavy 
loam, or light clay loam. 
Tompkins King Soils 
This tree with its straggling tendency 
of growth does not develop well on sandy 
soils. Light mellow loam, the sand con- 
tent thereof being medium rather than 
fine, thus constituting an open textured 
loam, rather than a fine loam, is better 
The subsoil should be either the same 
texture or heavier, in no case heavier 
than the light plastic clay loam. Subsoils 
inclining to stiffness in character should 
be carefully avoided. 
Fall Pippin Soils 
This variety will succeed on a wider 
range of soils than either the Northern 
Spy or the Tompkins King and sgoils 
adapted to these varieties are ideal for 
the Fall Pippin. 
York Imperial Soils 
The York Imperial is a leading com- 
mercial apple in Central Pennsylvania, 
Western Maryland, Northern Virginia and 
West Virginia. It is adapted to the lime 
Stone soils of this region, the Piedmont 
Plateau, and the ridges. The “Apple Pie 
Ridge” soils of West Virginia are also 
well adapted to the growth of this vari- 
ety. This soil is a shale or soap stone 
base, formed of disintegrated lime stone 
and other mixtures. The Porter loam is 
also good soil for this fruit. 
Grimes Golden 
The Grimes is so similar to the Rhode 
Island Greening in soil adaptation that 
a& Separate description of soil best adapted 
to this variety will not be given. Yet it 
is not adapted to the same latitudes as 
the Greening. It will succeed best on a 
Greening soil too far south for the Green- 
ing to be a good winter apple. Plant the 
Grimes where the Greening tends to be- 
come a fall apple. 
Rome Beauty Soils 
In West Virginia where it is the lead- 
ing commercial variety it gives excellent 
results on fine sandy loams and mellow 
loams of the Westmoreland and DeKalb 
series. In Southern Pennsylvania it does 
well and as far south as Alabama. 
