APPLES 121 
scions of the desired length. Next take which was just at the surface of 
one of the long seedling roots, and the ground), and make the cut so that 
follow the same process of making all of the root and one-half inch or so 
a sloping cut and a tongue. Begin of the top are used. The operator should 
at the crown (the part of the root learn to be very economical of the seed- 
Fig. 1. Long and Short Scion Wood. On the left are twigs just long enough to make 
one scion each, as will nearly always be the case where wood is taken from old 
trees that make only a slight growth each season. By the side of these is. some 
long scion wood. The next figure;shows how the twigs are cut into scions proper, 
the short ones making one and the long ones three cuts. 
