APPLES 
the 24-inch scions than with the 6-inch 
ones There was no constant difference 
in growth between the trees grafted 
above the crown and those grafted be- 
low it. 
In 1894 the above experiment was re- 
peated in part with Winesap, Ben Davis, 
and Missouri Pippin apples, using 6, 12, 
and 24-inch scions on whole roots and 
5-inch piece-root stocks grafted above and 
pelow the crown. After two years’ 
growth there was no constant difference 
between the trees grafted above the 
crown and those grafted below, either 
as regards height or diameter. The 
length of the stocks and scions had a 
marked influence on the growth, the dif- 
ference in favor of the long stocks and 
long scions being practically constant in 
all eases. The height of 2-year-old trees 
grafted on whole roots average 21 per 
cent greater than on 5-inch stocks and 
the diameter over 8 per cent greater. 
Trees from 24-inch scions averaged 10 per 
cent higher than from 12-inch scions, and 
20 per cent higher than those from 6-inch 
scions. Their diameters were 27 per cent 
greater than the trees from 12-inch scions 
and 34 per cent greater than those from 
6-inch scions. These differences were not 
nearly so marked after the trees had 
made three years’ growth, the diameter 
of the trees from 24-inch scions at that 
time averaging only 6 per cent greater 
than those from the 12-inch scions and 
only 7 per cent greater than those from 
the 6-inch scions as against 27 per cent 
and 34 per cent, respectively, after two 
years’ growth. 
In 1895 grafts were made with 12 and 
6-inch scions on whole roots, 5-inch roots, 
and 214-inch roots, grafted above and be- 
low the crown. In addition a_ stock 
grafted above the crown, with roots cut 
eight inches long, was tested. After two 
years’ growth no constant differences 
were shown in favor of either length 
or style of stock or of grafting either 
above or below the crown. The trees 
from 12-inch secions were invariably 
greater in height and diameter than those 
from 6-inch scions. 
An experiment in root grafting was 
made by F. Wellhouse, president of the 
131 
Kansas Horticultural Society. About 400 
trees each of Winesap, Ben Davis, and 
Missouri Pippin apples, grafted on whole- 
root stocks, were set in the orchard to- 
gether with trees grafted on two-inch 
piece-root stocks. During 19 years no dif- 
ference in growth, vigor, or fruitfulness 
was observed between them, except that 
for the first six or eight years the whole- 
root trees threw up from their roots 
more water sprouts than did the piece- 
root trees. 
These tests show that there are fairly 
uniform differences in the first few years’ 
growth of trees in favor of the longer 
scions and stocks, but that by the end 
of the third year’s growth the differences 
largely disappear, and that there is no 
constant difference between trees grafted 
above and those grafted below the crown. 
Besides the observations on the height 
and diameter of trees, the Kansas station 
has also reported a study of the root de- 
velopment of grafted trees. It was found 
that the main root growth of the first 
year from all lengths of stock was made 
at or just below the union of the stock 
and scion, and that the growth at this 
point became more pronounced in the sec- 
ond and third years. The growth from 
the lower portion of the stock was very 
slight during the first year, and became 
of even less importance during the second 
and third years; the growth from the 
lower part of the stock was greatest 
in case of the shorter piece roots and 
least in case of the whole roots. With 
grafts that were buried deeply a new 
system of side roots formed at about the 
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Fig. 1. Whole Root Graft of Apple. 
