142 
moved from the heeling grounds. Re- 
move or thin out any roots that have 
grown in a tangled mass, roots that were 
mutilated in the process of digging, and 
cut the tip of each of the main roots, 
using a sharp knife or some suitable in- 
strument, remembering always to make 
the cut at an angle so that when the 
tree is set in the ground the cut surface 
will be down. Remove all sucker sprouts 
from the base of the tree, being careful 
to cut these close to avoid further sprout- 
ing. If stock is to be held for late spring 
planting it should be removed from the 
heeling grounds during favorable weather 
about the middle of February, the roots 
pruned and the stock heeled in again. 
A shady place for the heeling grounds 
will aid greatly in keeping the stock 
dormant for late spring planting. 
No stock of any kind should ever be 
removed from the heeling grounds dur- 
ing freezing weather or while the trees 
or plants are frozen, though the weather 
may be moderating at the time. After 
a cold spell allow the frost to entirely 
disappear from the grounds before dis- 
turbing the stock. The tops of trees 
should not be pruned until] after they 
are planted, except to save damaged 
stock as explained later. 
Care of Stock While Planting 
The stock is now ready for its final 
place in the field but it must have the 
same careful protection from drying or 
chilling winds as at any other time. 
Pieces of canvas or burlap sacks may be 
used for this purpose. If planting is 
done any time after the first of March 
the roots of each tree should be dipped 
in a thick batter of mud, and care should 
be taken that the mud does not dry on 
the roots before the tree is set. This 
mudding the roots is very important. 
Never allow bundles of trees to lie ex- 
posed to the wind and sun nor place 
them in a creek to remain until needed. 
Treatment of Frosted Trees 
If you notice frost in a box of trees 
on opening do not remove the goods but 
close the box carefully and place it in 
a cellar, cement building or some such 
Dlace where it is cool but free from 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
frost. Cover the box with sawdust, can- 
vas, blankets or any convenient materia} 
to prevent the stock from thawing out 
too rapidly and leave undisturbed for 
a week or ten days before heeling in the 
ground. 
Treatment of Stock Received Dry 
If goods are received dry, dig a trench, 
in sandy soil, large enough to bury the 
trees root and top about eight or ten 
inches under the surface, and if late in 
the spring pour a few bucketsful of water 
over the stock after the trench has been 
filled, and let remain for a few days 
until on examination the stock is found 
to be fresh and well filled out. Many 
times stock received in bad condition 
can be saved if treated in this manner 
though any undue exposure will weaken 
the vitality of a tree and all such dam- 
aged goods should be severely top pruned 
when heeled in or planted. 
Care of Evergreens 
The roots of all cone-bearing trees, 
and, in fact, most all evergreen plants, 
are very sensitive to exposure, and 
should never be handled without being 
properly balled. The novice should never 
order goods of this kind shipped with 
naked roots in order to save a little on 
first cost or freight. The roots of rose 
bushes, while not evergreens, should 
mever be allowed to become dry or 
frosted. 
N. 8S. BENNETT, 
Eden Valley Nurseries, Medford, Ore 
PEDIGREED TREES 
Definition 
(1) “A selected source of multiplica- 
tion which does not require sexual gen- 
eration.” E. J. WicKson. 
Trees propagated by buds or scions 
taken from trees with known records for 
Superior qualities. 
Introduction 
At the present time there are compar- 
atively few trees whose “pedigree” ex- 
tends beyond the first or second vegetative 
generation. The term as here used does 
not apply to any form of sexual generation. 
(1) Correspondence, 1912. 
