156 
with a spade between your feet and 
sight in the direction of the rows of 
stakes, and if you are not standing at the 
point of intersection of the two lines 
move one way or the other until you 
find this point. The point of intersec- 
tion of these lines is the place where the 
tree is to go. All the places for all of 
the trees may be found in the same man- 
ner and without having to measure any 
of the distances inside of the field. If 
the men are careful and always dig the 
hole right at the intersection of the two 
lines there will be no trouble in getting 
the trees in straight rows and at the 
proper distance. The planting can be 
started at any point in the field but it is 
better to begin at one of the sides near 
the rows of stakes and then work back. 
The point marked x is a good place to 
begin. This plan, with a few slight modi- 
fications, can be adopted for the quincunx 
or hexagonal styles. 
FaBIAN GARCIA, 
Santa Fe, N. M. 
Yoeman System 
One of the easiest methods known to 
the writer is that called the Yoeman sys- 
tem. This consists in running a base 
line on one side of the proposed orchard 
and setting stakes at desired intervals 
for tree rows. These stakes, however, 
instead of being set where a tree is to 
be planted, are set some 10 to 20 feet 
beyond the last tree in the row. With 
the base line as a starting point the or- 
poo000a00000 
O O 
O00 0 0 
000 00 000000 
0000050 0000 
CoO0O00 0000 0 
%o0000 
eo 
bo O00 080 0000 
Fig. 1. Yoeman System. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
chard site is enclosed on its four sides 
with a row of stakes which are set a} 
similar distance from the last tree ip 
the row to those of the base line. The 
stakes simply indicate the tree row in 
each direction. By running another get 
of stakes across the field and toward one 
end of it, in the opposite direction from 
that in which it is intended to furrow 
out, the field is ready for the plow. Using 
a heavy plow and a strong pair of horses 
and by going twice or more times in 2 
furrow it is possible to furrow sufficiently 
deep so that little digging is necessary 
for the reception of the tree roots. By 
running a line of stakes through the 
center of the field in each direction, each 
of which is in line with the tree row in 
but one direction the field is ready for 
planting. 
WILLIAiM STUART, 
Burlingron, Vt 
The Square System with Furrows 
Where the ground is comparatively 
level and the area small, one of the sim- 
plest methods of laying out an orchard 
in squares is to set stakes along the 
‘ poundary lines at opposite sides of the 
area to be planted and then use a 
marked wire for locating the position of 
each tree. Beginning on the side bound- 
ary of the tract, the first stake is set 25 
feet from the end. Following this stake, 
other stakes are set successively at the 
distances the trees are to occupy, these 
stakes to be in line along the side bound- 
ary and extending the entire length of 
the field. The opposite side of the area 
is staked in like manner, beginning at the 
same end and staking in the same direc- 
tion. After this a telephone wire which 
is long enough to reach across the field 
is secured. In one end of the wire a loop 
large enough to slip over the stakes is 
made. Twenty-five feet from this loop the 
wire is wrapped tightly with fine stove- 
wire over which a bit of bright red flan- 
nel is tied. Then, at distances the trees 
are to stand in the rows, other markings 
are made likewise along the telephone 
wire. By stretching the wire between op- 
posite pairs of stakes the spot where 
each tree is to stand may be located. 
