188 
If poorly treated and kept in a warm 
place after packing, all these apples will 
ripen a month earlier, and be out of con- 
dition at least two months earlier. 
The above suggestions are general ones 
and I know every one will find some 
objections. I have seen Jonathans from 
the high lands kept well until April. Spitz- 
enburgs can often be kept till May in good 
cold storage. 
If the trees are vigorous and in good 
health, the apples seem to ripen later. I 
have also noticed the apples ripening a 
little later and keeping better where or- 
chards are seeded to clover or alfalfa. 
Orchards allowed to get too dry will often 
ripen up exceptionally early, but I think 
the seasons given above will be found 
fairly accurate, and risk of loss will be 
encountered every time dealers or con- 
Sumers try to keep apples later than the 
dates suggested. 
COOKING QUALITY OF VARIOUS 
APPLES 
At the National Apple Show in Spokane, 
Wash., in 1911, tests of various apples 
were made for cooking qualities by Miss 
Laura Breese of the Domestic Science De- 
partment of the University of Idaho. The 
tests were given each variety, for apple 
sauce, for baking and for pies. All tests 
were made without sugar. 
The varieties were: Winter Banana, 
Grimes Golden, Rome Beauty, Winesap, 
Stayman Winesap, Arkansas Black, White 
Winter Pearmain, Babbitt, Jonathan, De- 
licious and York Imperial. 
Baked Apples 
In the baked apple contest, on color 
after being cooked, the Babbitt stood first, 
the Arkansas Black second. On general 
appearance after cooking the Arkansas 
Black stood first, the Rome Beauty second 
and Jonathan third. For taste in baked 
apples the Rome Beauty stood first and 
Jonathan and White Pearmain tied for 
second place. 
Apple Sauce 
In the apple sauce contest, on color the 
Arkansas Black stood first and Rome 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Beauty second. On general appearance 
the Arkansas Black stood first, Rome 
Beauty second and Jonathan third. 
For the best tasting apple sauce the 
Winter Banana stood first, White Winter 
Pearmain second and the Stayman Wine. 
sap third. 
Apple Pie 
Apple pie was judged for taste only. 
The Grimes Golden got first place, Bab. 
bitt second, and Jonathan third. A record 
of the time required to cook the different 
apples as sauce and by baking was made. 
The number of minutes required to 
bake each apple follows: Delicious 38; 
Jonathan 54; Stayman Winesap 35; Win- 
ter Banana 51; York Imperial 64; Arkan- 
sas Black 63; Babbitt 44; Grimes Golden 
49; White Winter Pearmain 49; Winesap 
50; Rome Beauty 20. 
The number of minutes required in the 
cooking of the apple sauce of each of the 
apples follows: Arkansas Black 7; White 
Winter Pearmain 9; Delicious 7; Jona- 
than 14; Stayman Winesap 8; Rome 
Beauty 8; York Imperial 25; Winesap 19; 
Winter Banana 10. The Babbitt was not 
entered in the sauce contest. 
PRICES OF VARIETIES 
The following prices represent an aver- 
age constructed on the basis of a 3-year 
average of prices paid py Richey & Gil- 
bert, Toppenish, Wash.; an average for 
seasons of 1911 and 1912 of the Hood 
River Apple Growers’ Union and David- 
son Fruit Co. of Hood River; the aver- 
age price received by the Wenatchee 
Fruit Growers’ Association and the Yaki- 
ma Valley Fruit Growers’ Association. 
Involving as it does widely separated dis- 
tricts, a variety of markets and several 
hundred thousand boxes of apples, we 
have a fair basis for comparison as to 
the value of the various varieties of ap- 
ples named. The prices represent the 
average for all sizes and grades; where 
shipments of a given variety were too 
small to give a fair average no figures 
are given. 
W. WorTHINGTON 
