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Missouri Pippin 
The Missouri Pippin is one of the well 
known market apples in the middle 
states. It originated in Missouri on the 
farm of Brinkley Hornsby, Kingsville, 
Johnson county, Missouri, from seed 
planted about 18-40. Shortly after the 
Civil War it began to be disseminated 
outside of the locality of its origin, and 
its cultivation spread with such rapidity 
that in a few years it had been planted 
in Missouri, Kansas, Illinois and adja- 
cent states. The good degree of hardi- 
ness and vigor which it possesses, the ease 
with which it is propagated in the nur. 
sery, and particularly the habit of bear- 
ing early and abundantly, were the qual- 
ities which recommended it to the grow- 
ers of this section. However, the fruit 
is not first-class for dessert, and when 
commercial fruit growing came to be an 
important industry it was found that it 
was not a profitable variety as com- 
pared with other commercial fruits. It 
was also discovered that the tree was 
short lived, and would seldom bear a 
good quality of fruit after the age of 20 
years. The popularity of the Missouri 
Pippin, therefore, rapidly waned, and at 
this date comparatively few of this vari- 
ety are being planted. 
Tree moderately vigorous with long, 
Slender, curved branches, characteristic 
on account of its numerous slender twigs 
and general crab-like appearance. Form 
upright, becoming roundish or rather 
Spreading. Bark dark brown, mottled 
with heavy scarf skin, pubescent. Fruit 
medium in size. Form roundish, some- 
what inclined to conic. Stem medium in 
length, rather slender. Cavity acute to 
nearly acuminate, moderately wide, 
rather deep, faintly russeted. Calyx 
medium in size, closed or nearly so. 
Skin thick, tough, rather glossy, thinly 
coated with grayish bloom. The color 
ranges from a greenish or pale yellow, 
to red striped and deep red. Season Oc- 
tober to January. 
Northern Spy 
The Northern Spy is perhaps the very 
best apple for Michigan, being peculiarly 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
adapted to the soils of that region. In 
New York it ranks third, being super. 
seded by the Baldwin and Rhode Island 
Greening. When it is grown where it is 
best adapted it is a first-class apple. In 
the Pacific Northwest it does not do so 
well as in some other sections of the coun- 
try. The fruit is large, red, tender, 
juicy, crisp and good for dessert or for 
culinary purposes. It has a well estab- 
lished reputation, and because of its high 
quality often sells for good prices. Its 
season is November and December. It 
is susceptible to the attack of blue mold, 
if kept in storage, and is easily bruised 
in handling. 
Tree very hardy and healthy, grow- 
ing to a large size, with large vigorous 
branches, long and stout, curved. Form 
upright, roundish, slender laterals, some- 
what inclined to droop. Bark dark 
brownish red mingled with olive green 
lightly streaked with thick scarf skin, 
heavily pubescent. 
Historical. The Northern Spy origi- 
nated in a seedling orchard at Hast Bloom- 
field, New York. The trees were planted 
by Herman Chapin about 1800, but at- 
tracted very little attention until about 
1840, when it began to be more widely 
recognized as a valuable variety, and to 
be more extensively cultivated. 
There are the following peculiarities of 
the tree that should be considered in Sse- 
lecting commercial varieties. First, it is 
more than ordinarily susceptible to “apple 
scab fungus.” Second, it comes into 
bloom remarkably late, and this fact 
often prevents it from being injured by 
spring frosts, when earlier blooming va- 
rieties are killed. Third, it often pro- 
duces many small apples which are seed- 
less, the result of improper fertilization 
of the blossoms. The tree is resistant 
to woolly aphis. 
Oldenburg 
The Oldenburg, generally called the 
Duchess of Oldenburg, is a Russian ap- 
ple. In European nurseries is called 
Charlmowsky and Borowitsky. It was 
brought to this country from England, 
and because of its extreme hardiness 
