246 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Fig. 2. 
arranged that they may be made to 
project at a considerable distance under 
the trees. This enables the orchardist, 
‘even where there are _ overhanging 
branches reaching nearly to the ground, 
to cultivate all the soil. 
Tools for Low-headed Trees—We advo- 
cate low heading. We do it with the 
knowledge that it is more difficult to cul- 
tivate in an orchard of this kind than 
where the head of the tree is three or 
four feet from the ground, but we know 
furthermore that low heading is better 
Extension Dise, Convenient for Cul- 
tivating Under Low Trees. 
Discers at Work in Young Orchard. 
for the tree and makes it easier to pick 
the fruit, prune and spray, also that the 
fruit bruises less in falling, and we ad- 
vocate it notwithstanding the difficulties 
in cultivation, knowing that machinery 
can be so built and arranged as to make 
cultivation practicable. 
GRANVILLE LOWTHER 
COVER CROPS 
There has been a great deal of discus- 
sion on the question of growing cover 
crops in orchards. I confess that for the 
sake of neatness, and to meet our ideal 
of beauty in the orchard, I like clean 
cultivation. The main question, however, 
is, “Does it produce.better fruit, and does 
it in general improve the soil, thereby 
bringing better results, than does the use 
of some kind of cover crop?” For cover 
crop we generally use some leguminous 
plant. In some states blue grass, or what 
is called orchard grass, is used as a cover 
crop. Sometimes buckwheat or timothy is 
