APPLES 267 
lig. 1. Intercrop of Winter Wheat. 
has been impaired because proper rota- 
tion of crops was not practiced and stock 
was not raised. By avoiding these pit- 
falls success is inevitable. There have 
been enough growers who have succeeded 
in growing good crops and a good orchard 
on the same land at the same time to 
demonstrate that it can be done success- 
fully. To do it the grower must study 
his soil and climatic conditions and adapt 
his methods and crops to his conditions. 
This is much easier to accomplish on a 
small tract than on a large one. With 
over seven thousand acres of young orch- 
ard we have met the problems in part, in 
the following way. Before explaining let 
me tell of a few of the local conditions. 
Our land in its native state was cov- 
ered with fir, tamarack and pine. The 
land is well drained and varies from a 
sandy loam to clay loam. The rainfall is 
about twenty inches. We have an irriga- 
tion system for bearing orchards but we 
have not found it necessary to irrigate 
to get a normal growth on our young 
trees nor to raise the crops on the ex- 
No crop is placed closer than four feet from the trees. 
tensive plan of agriculture. Where we 
use intensive farming, irrigation is nec- 
essary. 
We began by planting the trees in such 
a way that a long life orchard would be 
the result and at the same time give the 
maximum amount of land available for 
crops without obstruction by trees. The 
planting plan is illustrated below. 
Gr “ee 
w 
x 
+ O +O + One 
The trees are placed 17.5 feet apart in 
the row and the rows are 28 feet apart. 
Every other tree in the row is a filler 
(marked x in the illustration). When 
the fillers are taken out the permanent 
trees are in triangle, two legs of which 
are about thirty-three feet and the third 
thirty-five feet. The wide strips (28 
feet) are in the directions with the slope 
that gives the best results with irriga- 
tion furrows. 
