APPLES 
the person by whose authority the apples 
were packed and the barrel marked,” the 
barrel shall be deemed to be misbranded, 
and the negligent person or persons shall 
be liable to a fine of one dollar for each 
barrel concerned. 
The requirements of the International 
Apple Shippers’ Association for “No. 1” 
apples, as adopted by that body in 1895 
(amended 1897) are as_ follows: “The 
standard size * * * ghall not be less 
than two and one-half inches in diameter 
and shall include such varieties as Ben 
Davis, Willow Twig, Baldwin, Greening 
and other varieties of kindred size. The 
standard for such varieties as Romanite, 
Russet, Winesap, Jonathan, Missouri 
Pippin * * *  ghall not be less than 
two and one-quarter inches. And further, 
No. 1 apples shall be at the time of pack- 
ing practically free from the action of 
worms, defacement of surface or breaking 
of skin; shall be hand picked from the 
tree, a bright and normal color and 
shapely form.” The following determin- 
ing what a No. 2 apple shall be, was 
adopted by the same body in 1900: ‘No. 
2 apples shall be hand picked from the 
tree. Shall not be smaller than two and 
one-quarter inches in diameter and of fair 
color for the variety. The skin must not 
be broken nor apple bruised, and must be 
practically free from scab and other de- 
fects. This grade must be faced and 
packed with as much care as No. 1 fruit.” 
Grading and Packing Table 
The table shown in Fig. 2 is adapted 
for use either in the orchard or the pack- 
ing house. “The table in the illustration 
is six feet long by four feet wide, side 
eight inches high: Slats in the bottom 
of the bed are one inch square and are 
spaced one inch apart. The legs at the 
lower end are 39 inches long, allowing 
the bottom of the bed to clear the top 
of the barrel. The legs at the upper end 
are 45 inches, giving a six-inch pitch to 
the table. The apples can easily be in- 
spected as they roll into the apron and 
imperfect ones thrown out. When the 
apron is filled it can be slowly lowered 
into the barrel without bruising the fruit. 
This packing table may be mounted on 
333 
wheels for convenience in orchard work 
or may be built larger with two funnels 
allowing two barrels to be filled at once.’’* 
This table, without the bed and sides 
padded, would not be }tolerated in the 
apple districts of the | Northwest. It 
should be used with a piece of burlap 
or carpet spread over it that can be 
shaken frequently to remove the litter, 
rather than with a slat bottom to allow 
the twigs and leaves to fall through. 
e 
Fig. 2. Grading and Packing Table for 
Barrel Packing. 
West Virginia Experiment Station Bulletin 139. 
OPERATION OF PACKING 
Facing 
In packing a barrel of apples, the pack- 
age is faced, in order to increase its at- 
tractiveness. By facing is meant the 
placing by hand of one layer or more, 
frequently of two, into the bottom of the 
barrel, the intention being that when the 
package is ready for market the bottom 
shall be marked and considered as the 
top. To the end that this facing shall 
present a really attractive appearance, 
each apple is laid with the stem end 
down, the stem having been previously 
cut off with a stemmer; the apples are 
selected for uniformity of size and color 
and freedom from serious blemishes and 
are arranged regularly in concentric cir- 
cles. The facing apples should as nearly 
* W. H. Alderman, West Virginia Experiment 
Station Bulletin 139, 1912. 
