APPLES 
superintended by persons competent to 
enfoice these rules 
CANTELOUPES 
With a view ot promoting this impor- 
tantindustry morecare must be used in 
grading and packing It is absolutely 
necessary that a standard grade be adopt- 
ed, as well as a standard of pack. 
The commercial counts as recognized 
for canteloupes are the 86 count or Jum- 
bos: the 45 count or Standards; the 54 
eount or Pony. 
There must be a straight pack, uni- 
form size canteloupes in each grade, 
clean and at a stage of uniform ripeness 
that will permit long distance shipment. 
These rules were in use in the several 
districts for the season of 1913-14. The 
rules governing the grades for box apples 
in Canada, as established by the Canadian 
“Wruit Marks Act,’ appear in this work 
under Laws 
MEANING OF TIER 
Nothing is more puzzling to the novice 
at apple packing than the modern use of 
the word trier. This present use can be 
explained best by a statement of a few 
of the facts connected with the transition 
that has taken place in the use of the 
word. Originally apples were packed ac- 
cording to the layer method only in the 
square style. Apples were mixed as to 
size in any manner that would admit of 
their being packed “square,” or straight 
across the box, in either three, four or 
five layers. Tradition says that the first 
grower who brought his apples into North 
Yakima, Wash., packed diagonally was 
unable to find a buyer that would accept 
them, and was compelled to take them 
home and repack them “square.” Apples 
were spoken of as being either three, four 
or five-tier, according to the number of 
rows running crosswise of the box and 
the number of layers in depth, the two 
being the same. However, when a need 
was felt for a more exact grading as to 
size, a limited use of the two-two* and 
three-two° packs was begun. Any apple 
* See Styles of Pack, Two-Two Pack, this 
article. 
° See Styles of Pack, Three-Two Pack, this 
article. 
357 
that was placed into the two-two pack 
was called a three and one-half tier ap- 
ple, and the pack a three and one-half 
tier pack, the literal meaning of this be- 
ing that it would require approximately 
three and one-half of the apples to fit in 
a row crosswise of the box, or from top 
to bottom. Likewise, any apple that was 
placed in the three-two pack was called 
a four and onehalf tier apple and the 
pack a four and one-half tier pack, mean- 
ing that it would take approximately 
four and onehalf of the apples of that 
size to fit in a row in like directions as 
above. The trade paid tor apples accord- 
ing to the size as well as the quality, des- 
ignating the size by the tier pack into 
which they were placed ; 
In very recent years “square” packing 
has been abandoned, due to the recogni- 
tion of the fact that apples packed accord- 
ing to this method receive the more and 
greater bruises in nailing up and hand- 
ling, when compared to apples packed 
diagonally; and the use of the diagonal 
packs has been extended to accommodate 
these apples formerly packed “‘square.” 
The terms three tier, four tier, five tier, 
have been retained to designate the sizes 
ot apples which were formerly given the 
three, four or five tier pack, although 
they are now packed two and one-half, 
three and one-half, or four and one-half 
tier. We have four tier apples, but no 
four tier pack. 
Counts 386, 41, and 45, are called two 
and one-half tier, or sometimes three 
tier. Counts 48, 54, 56, are called three 
tier. Counts 64, 72, 80, 88, are called 
three and one-half tier Ninety-six is 
sometimes placed into this group, but is 
usually included in the next. Counts 
96, 100, 104, 112, 113, 120, 125, 128, are 
called four tier. Counts 188, 150, 163, are 
four and one-half tier. One hundred and 
seventy-five is designated either four and 
one-half or five tier, the latter custom 
predominating. Sizes 188 to 225 are eall- 
ed five tier. Sizes smaller than 225 are 
either called five tier, or given no tier 
designation at all. 
Formerly the tier was stamped on the 
box, frequently without the number. Now 
