376 
Spokane Recom- 
Card mended 
Quality 0. ee eee 20 _ 
Color we neaes 20 20 
Contour woeiee. cee. wee ween _— 20 
SIZC  eeeeceeeeeceeeees eee ee «= 10 10 
Uniformity . .. --.---.----- 10 10 
Freedom from Blemish 
and Dirt ... ....... 20 20 
Pack (total) ............ 20 20 
Total Lous weeeeeeee 100 100 
Tiems of Pack 
BOX oe ceececee cece eee ceveee tense tees _ 
Style of Pack. .......0 «.. 4 
Height of Ends.............. 4 4 
Bulge eee cee eee 4 4 
FUrMnesSS 2... eceeceeee ween wee 4 
Neatness beeen ceanen tens 4 
Alignment ....0......- 4 
CompactnesS ......... 4 
Attractiveness and 
Style oie. cee ceeeeeeeee es . 4 
“Quality” is omitted from the suggested 
card for the reason as, ex-President Kim- 
pall, of the National League of Commis- 
sion Merchants suggests, that, in boxed 
apples, “quality” is a combination of all 
the other items. “Quality” can be used 
only in accordance with the American 
Pomological Society ratings on account of 
the difference in maturity of different lots 
due to difference in locality where grown. 
An Eastern representative of a North- 
western marketing agency says that what 
the dealers look for in Northwestern 
apples is color and contour. The old card 
has no place for type, form or contour, 
the latter term referring to symmetry. 
regardless of whether the specimen is 
_true to type or not. Uniformity is not the 
place under which to consider contour 
Since uniformity refers to size only. 
“Firmness” is preferable to “compact- 
ness” because the latter could be con- 
strued to mean a pack with no holes, 
necessitating irregularity in the pack and 
the use of the “stem to cheek” pack, or 
more than one shape of box to accommo- 
date the different sizes of apples. Most 
judges take “compactness” to mean “firm- 
ness” or tightness, so why not “firmness” 
on the card? 
Alignment is omitted from the sug- 
gested card, to be considered under neat- 
ness. It really depends upon proper uni- 
formity and style of pack. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Under the old card some judges did not 
consider neatness, giving a lot perfect on 
the last item of the card if the style of 
pack was correct. Under the old card the 
3-2 pack could be scored imperfect be. 
cause not so attractive as the 2-2, whereas 
it is accepted commercially and cannot be 
avoided because of variation in size, The 
style of pack depends, not on attractive. 
ness, but on the use of a uniform pack. 
age and on maintaining a perfect condi. 
tion of the apples. A more attractive pack 
can be secured by the use of two sizes of 
box but this is not desirable commercially, 
The above is on the assumption that 
the Northwest standard box is to be used. 
ORCHARD COSTS AND 
MANAGEMENT 
In the tables under this heading re. 
liable information from many sources is 
given. Conditions are so different in the 
various sections of the United States, that 
an expense table in one section would 
furnish inadequate information of the 
costs in another. In some sections, there 
is the cost of clearly heavily timbered 
lands; in others, the cost of irrigation; 
in some there is the initial cost of high- 
priced lands; but they are high-priced, 
because they seem to the owners to pos- 
sess certain advantages not found in sec- 
tions where lands are cheap. 
Clearing Timber Lands—Orchard Costs 
First Two Years 
The information contained in this ar- 
ticle applies to the logged-off lands of the 
timber belt in Northeastern Washington 
and Northern Idaho. 
Character of Timber: Timber on the 
lighter soils is chiefly pine and on the 
heavier soils runs more to fir and tam- 
arac, the logged-off land growing up to a 
heavy covering of second growth timber, 
laurel, willow and kinnikinic. 
Soil: Soils vary from light sandy to 
clay loams. When first cleared it is brown- 
ish yellow but turns dark under cultiva- 
tion. 
Rainfall: Rainfall is from 20 inches up 
(see Frost and Precipitation Tables for 
Special localities in Washington and 
Idaho) and is sufficient for cereal crops 
