396 
Another mistake that is being con- 
stantly made by growers and shippers is 
in putting too many barrels in one car. 
In many cases they are piled five tiers 
high, and if the car happens to be opened 
on the opposite side from which it was 
loaded at the fruithouse, it is very diffi- 
cult to get the top barrels out without in- 
juring them, and after the barrels in the 
center of the car have been removed very 
many of them get badly bumped while be- 
ing taken down during the unloading 
process, notwithstanding the care taken 
by the men who handle them from car 
to ship. The barrels are rolled out on 
the shed floor, and are taken in slings 
and lowered into the ship, six at a time, 
and stowed five tiers high. 
Speaking generally, I would say there 
is room for improvement in a great many 
ways in the handling of the apple crop 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
in Nova Scotia from the time the truit is 
fullgrown on the tree until it finds its 
way into the markets of the world, ang 
this applies to local as well as export 
trade. In the first place, more care 
should be exercised in the picking, go 
that the fruit is not bruised by being 
thrown into the basket, and then dumpeq 
carelessly from the basket into the har. 
rels. This also applies to the re-packing 
in the fruit houses. Apples should al- 
ways be handled in such a manner that 
they will not be bruised. This can be 
done, and will be done when growers 
realize that when they are handling 
apples roughly they are simply throwing 
money away. When a barrel of nicely 
handled fruit, free from bruises, will sel] 
for $3 on a good market, a barrel of badly 
handled, bruised fruit will only sell for 
$2, even if the fruit in both barrels were 
taken from the same tree. 
Cost of Hauling to Market 
Table No. L—Average cost of hauling products from farms to shipping points: 
Totals for States represented. 
a Nt tne 
A ee Meera 
| 
Number | Average 
fe) | 7 
Product Hauled | Counties; Miles to} Days for| Pounds | Cost per | Cost per | Cost per 
report- | shipping} roun in one load 00 ton per 
ing | point trip load pounds mile 
Apples...........065. 14 | 9. 9 | 2,300 | $2.79 | $0.12 | $0.2 
Barley...........000. 226 8.8 7 3,970 2.67 .07 ® 18 
Beans. ...........05 22 9.0 8 3,172 2.75 .09 20 
Buckwheat.......... | 8.2 8 2,438 2.90 11 27 
0) 5 6 981 7.4 6 2,696 1.78 07 19 
Cotton. ............. 555 11.8 1.0 1,702 2.76 16 27 
Fottonseed wee wees Mo 0.7 9 1,654 2.42 15 28 
axseed............. . . P 
Pree (other than 7 3,409 2.70 .08 15 
Apples)............ 99 11.6 1.1 2,181 3.53 16 28 
ya 761 8.3 7 2,786 2.32 .08 19 
Hemp a............5. 7 4 5.2 7 3,393 2.10 .06 23 
Hogs (live).......... 316 | 7.9 7 | b1,941 2.00 |b .10 |b .25 
Hops...........0000- 4 | 11.7 1.0 3,665 3.89 lL 19 
Oats............000 0s 798 7.3 6 2,772 1.82 .07 19 
Peanuts............. 19 8.1 6 1,363 1.67 12 30 
Potatoes............. 569 | 8.2 7 2,679 2.84 09 22 
COr. cece nec eee ees 18 | 7.5 8 2,407 2.70 11 29 
VO cee cece cea 78 8.4 7 2,625 2.23 .08 19 
Timothyseed c....... 5 | 8.0 8 2,410 1.92 .08 20 
Tobacco............. 3 9.8 8 2,248 2.28 .10 20 
Vegetables cother 
an Potatoes)..... 152 9.8 9 1,852 2.84 15 31 
Ww eat bocce eeeeeeeene 1,051 9.4 8 3,323 2.86 * 09 19 
(oe) So Al 39.8 5.6 4,869 21.39 44 22 
a Kentucky only. b Average for six States only. c Iowa only. 
