APPLES 
recommended to secure the best results 
from pollination is to plant four rows of 
each variety, be there two or more. Such 
an arrangement would allow for conve- 
nient harvesting, pruning, etc, and serves 
petter than planting four and one, which 
is sometimes recommended. Of course, so 
far as pollination is concerned, the lat- 
ter arrangement is entirely permissible if 
one wishes to grow a larger proportion of 
one variety than another, but in general 
if one can have the varieties blocked more 
or less many of the orchard operations 
will be simplified. For, as is well known, 
the several varieties frequently require 
quite different attention. To illustrate, if 
the Bartlett were not used to pollinate 
d@’Anjou pears, and the same were planted 
four rows of d’Anjou to one of Bartlett, it 
is readily seen that the Bartletts must be 
harvested earlier than the d’Anjou with 
the result that there would be consid- 
erable tramping and hauling through the 
latter, thus not only compacting the 
ground unnecessarily, but also incurring 
the risk of knocking off fruit, disturbing 
props, ete. Many similar instances could 
be cited. 
While by no means complete, the fol- 
lowing list of commercial varieties most 
grown at the present time are grouped 
according to the desirability of interplant- 
ing to secure best results from pollination. 
Any variety occurring in any column is 
well pollinated by any one or more of the 
varieties in the same column. 
Apples 
Barly 
*Gravenstein Tetofski 
Oldenburg Wealthy 
Red Astrachan «Vellow Transparent 
Late 
Arkansas Black Red Cheek Pippin 
Baldwin Rome Beauty 
Ben Davis Spitzenburg 
Black Twig Wagener 
Gano Willow Twig 
Grimes Golden Winesap (a shy pol- 
Jonathan len producer gen- 
MelIntosh erally) 
Newtown White Winter Pear- 
Northern Spy main 
Ortley Yellow Bellflower 
*In many localities these varieties bloom 
sufficiently late to serve to pollinate many of 
those listed as late bloomers. 
441 
Pears 
Early 
Bartlett Howell 
Clairgeau Keiffer 
d’Anjou 
Late 
Angouleme Easter Beurre 
Bose P. Barry 
Du Comice Winter Nelis 
It must be remembered in this connec- 
tion that in general, the greater the alti- 
tude, or the farther north varieties are 
grown, the later in the season will be 
their blooming periods and that the so- 
called early bloomers come very little in 
advance of the late bloomers In milder 
climates or lower altitudes these same 
early varieties may be entirely out of 
bloom before the late varieties begin. 
Thus, also, it may be found, especially 
among the late bloomers, that certain va- 
rieties in certain localities will bloom 
nearly or entirely together and in other 
localities they will bloom nearly or en- 
tirely together and the entire blooming 
season shortened. The lists are based on 
general Oregon conditions for a normal 
season. 
LABORATORY FOR HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH, 
May 2, 1912 Corvallis, Oregon. 
Problems in Orehard Pollination * 
The idea of mixing varieties to insure 
pollination is not a new one. Darwin has 
taught that “Nature abhors perpetual 
self-fertilization;” that “It is injurious 
and results in inferior and less fertile off- 
spring,’ and that “Plants are endlessly 
modified to insure cross-fertilization.” 
Just how much the apple is modified to 
secure crossing of varieties will be seen 
later. 
It has long been the practice of Cali- 
fornia prune growers to mix their vari- 
eties. Waugh (Vermont Experiment Sta- 
tion Report, 1897) found that most vari- 
*'The necessity of accurate and scientifie in- 
formation concerning the pollination of our 
rommon fruits is recognized by everyone who 
has given the subject a moment’s thought. In 
the work done by the Horticultural Depart- 
ment of the Kansas Experiment Station the 
peach, plum, grape and apple are the fruits 
upon which the most data has been collected. 
The above article is based upon the work done 
by Mr. Geo. O Green, assistant in horticulture, 
and submitted by him as his thesis in his work 
for the degree of Master of Science. 
