APPLES 
resulting in several hundred good fruits. 
In none of these have I ever seen the 
slightest indication that the pollen from 
one variety affects the color of the vari- 
ety upon which it is used.” 
R. A. EMERSON, 
University of Nebraska, Dept. of Horticulture. 
“T am of the opinion that there is no 
reason why such a variation (change of 
eolor) should follow on the surface of 
the fruit by the cross-pollination.” 
FABIAN GARCIA, 
New Mexico College of Agricultural and Me- 
chanical Arts. 
“In recent years we have done con- 
siderable cross-breeding of apples here 
at the experiment station for the purpose 
of securing new varieties. We have never 
found that the pollen used to fertilize a 
given variety in any way modified the 
color of that variety. For instance, we 
have used Jonathan quite largely in our 
crosses and have crossed it with a goodly 
number of varieties, some of which are 
pure yellow. We have never found that 
a Jonathan fertilized with a yellow apple 
pollen was any paler in color than when 
fertilized by a bright red apple like the 
King David.” 
J. C. WHITTIN, 
University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. 
“T am of the opinion that no change 
of color will result from crossing apples 
of different colors.” 
H. S. Brops, 
Whitman College, Dept. of Biology. 
“So far as my observation goes and 
also from the standpoint of the botany 
of the fruit, I have grave doubts if there 
is any direct influence of the pollen of 
one variety on the color of the fruit of 
another variety.” 
EK. P. BENNETT, 
The Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. 
“In my opinion the cross-fertilizations 
of apples has no appreciable effect on 
the color of the fruit. I realize that 
some horticulturists differ in regard to 
this. In fact it is difficult to find any 
two horticulturists who will agree as to 
the effect of the cross-pollenization. It 
423 
is difficult to understand how jit can 
affect the coloring of the apples or the 
quality of the fruit, 2. e., looking at it 
from a standpoint of a plant breeder.” 
J. N. ALDERMAN, 
West Virginia University. 
“As to the matter of theory regarding 
the pollen of one variety of fruit affect- 
ing the color of another variety, I have 
never tested it out by scientific experi- 
ment but I have been observing fruits 
for many years that had every oppor- 
tunity to be as affected and have never 
seen anything that leads me to believe 
that there is such influence. The skin 
of each variety seems to have its char- 
acteristic color regardless of others that 
grow near it.” 
H. E. Van DEMAN. 
“All of my experience, in crossing 
plants of different kinds, would lead me 
to believe that there would be very little 
if any effect shown on the color of fruit 
that received pollen from some other 
variety.” 
BE. J. KYLE, 
Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. 
“T see no reason why cross-pollination 
should have any effect upon the color of 
the fruit. The edible portion of the 
apple and the skin are derived from the 
calyx and receptacle and not from any 
portion of the plant which comes from 
the fertilized egg, consequently there 
could be no direct effect as the result of 
a cross-fertilization.” 
Grorce M. REEp, 
University of Missouri. 
“I regret that I have no experimental 
data upon the subject proposed in your 
letter of December ist. There is a firm 
horticultural conviction that there may 
be a modification of the current growth 
of fruit while a cross-pollenized seed is 
maturing. I am of the opinion that this 
conviction is warranted by observation, 
but I cannot cite specific demonstration 
thereof.” 
E. J. WicKson, 
University of California. 
