APPLE DISEASES 
west this fungus found it a favorable host 
on which to develop. Up to the present 
time no: one has yet determined what 
this native host is, or at least no pub- 
lished record has been made. 
Disease on Fruit 
The apple tree anthracnose is not un- 
common as a rot of the fruit’as shown 
in Fig. 4. This may be developed in the 
orchard, especially if the fruit is allowed 
to hang late on the trees, or may be de- 
veloped as a storage rot on fruit which is 
perfectly sound when stored. 
Lawrence (1904) seems to be the first 
to have recorded this disease as a rot on 
the fruit. 
Cate (1908) also found the disease 
common upon apple fruit and produced 
the rot by inoculation. In the season of 
1911 this disease developed abundantly 
and seriously as a rot on stored fruit 
both under ordinary storage conditions 
and in cold storage. The writer has seen 
boxes of Spitzenburg apples kept in stor- 
age until May in which 90 per cent of the 
fruit was affected with this disease. The 
disease seems to be more abundant on 
the fruit, as would be expected, in seasons 
of early fall rain or when, on account of 
weather conditions, picking is delayed. 
The most obvious line of attack for the 
control of this trouble on the fruit is to 
control the disease in the orchard by 
proper spraying methods. ~The disease 
Fig. 4. 
443 
has developed, however, is some cases, in 
considerable percentage in orchards in 
which anthracnose was not present or 
present only in very slight amount, not 
sufficiently to account /for any large per- 
centage of infected fruit. This has been 
observed both in Hood River and the 
Willamette valleys. This fact suggests 
that a further study of the disease should 
be made under these conditions in an 
effort to determine the source of infec- 
tion and whether or not the fungus may 
occur under conditions not at present 
well understood. 
Methods of Treatment 
As soon as the nature of the disease 
and the nature of the life history of the 
fungus causing it came to be understood 
a method of treatment at once suggested 
itself. Since the infection by the fungus 
takes place in the fall and early winter, 
after the fall rains begin, it is evident 
that spraying in the summer and fall is 
a logical method of attack, and this gen- 
eral method has been recommended since 
1895, by Pierce, Cordley, Lawrence, and 
those who have made a specialty of this 
disease. Both lime-sulphur and Bordeaux 
mixture have been used in the winter 
strength for this purpose, though the evi- 
dence is at the present time that Bor- 
deaux mixture has given much more 
uniform and _ satisfactory results. The 
time of spraying has been difficult to 
Anthracnose Rot on Apples. 
