APPLE PESTS 
Anomala 
Anomala bipunctata 
Has been known to attack apple foliage 
in Michigan. The beetles measure about 
seven-sixteenths of an inch in length. 
They are stout and resemble their rela- 
tive, the June beetle in form, also like 
the June beetles, they are clumsy in their 
movements. In color they are for the 
most part, polished black, except for the 
wing covers, which are washed with 
bronzy straw color, the feet and antennae 
being dark brown. The underside of the 
body is coated with fine light hairs. 
Remedies 
Like the June beetle, this small rela- 
tive readily responds to a spray of one 
of the arsenites, Paris green or arsenate 
of lead, or any one of the reliable arsen- 
ical sprays will control it. In the case 
of small trees, hand picking often suf- 
fices, 
R. H. Perri, 
Hast Lansing, Mich. 
Aphids 
For the various species of plant lice, 
see general article on aphids. 
Apple Leaf Crumpler 
Mineola indigenetla 
The leaf crumpler is a common insect. 
When the leaves are gone, the little tufts 
of dried up leaves attached to the silken 
case in which the larva passes the win- 
ter, are often seen attached to the twigs 
of apple trees both in the nursery and 
orchard. It is really common enough to 
do some mischief at times, but from its 
manner of attack it is likely ordinarily to 
escape attention. As it passes the winter 
on the trees, it is one of the insects 
likely to be sent out of the nursery, and 
doubtless has attained its present general 
distribution in the Eastern United States 
through the instrumentality of nursery 
stock. 
The larvae occupying the cases are 
brownish-red in color, about one-fifth inch 
long, the surface everywhere opaque, 
with slender erect pale hairs. Head red, 
like the body, but paler. The first body 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
division with a conspicuous black neck. 
plate. 
The pupa is formed in June and yields 
the adult moth in the latter part of the 
month and early in July. The moth is 
gray in general color, marked with white 
and black. 
The best treatment for the insect is 
the simple process of removing the cases 
from the twigs in winter In summer 
the only practicable treatment is spray- 
ing the leaves with arsenical poisons. 
H. GARMAN, 
Lexington, Ky 
Apple Leaf Hopper 
Empoasca mali LeB. 
General Appearance 
The presence of the insect is made 
known by the curling and twisting of 
the infested leaves, especially on nursery 
stock: it being primarily a nursery pest. 
The adult insect is pale yellowish-green 
jin color, with white marking and is about 
one-eighth of an inch long. The young 
appear much like the adults except that 
they lack wings. 
Life History 
The winter is passed both in the adult 
and egg stage. The winter eggs are 
white, very delicate and curved in the 
middle. They are inserted under the 
bark of young apple trees (preferably 
under bark of two or three years’ 
growth). These eggs hatch in the early 
Spring so that the young nymphs and 
hibernating adults attack the first green 
foliage. During the summer, eggs are 
deposited in large numbers on the food 
plants in the leaf petioles or in the 
larger veins. Favorite places are the leaf 
petioles of apple trees and alfalfa. The 
position of the egg under the bark or 
epidermis is made known by a slight 
swelling of the surface. 
Distribution 
Throughout the United States; seldom 
becoming a serious pest in any locality, 
though occasionally it may do great dam- 
age, 
Food Plants 
As previously stated, the apple leaf 
hopper is primarily a nursery pest affect- 
