506 
borer, will generally be secured when all 
neglected vineyards, wild grapes or brier 
thickets are not allowed to remain near 
apple orchards. The usual practice of 
pruning apple trees to remove all twigs 
injured by various agencies, is a neces- 
sary part of good orchard management 
and should not be neglected, although 
this twig borer usually deserts its burrow 
before such pruning can be made. 
North Carolina Experiment Station. 
Apple Wilt Bug 
Euthoctha galeator 
The tender terminal growths of apple, 
quince and plum trees are sometimes 
found to have been stung and apparently 
killed by a large brownish black bug 
somewhat resembling the squash bug. It 
has been noted repeatedly in nurseries, 
and sometimes attacks trees in the or- 
chard. ; 
The insect is one of the true bugs, and 
is provided with a strong beak with which 
it punctures plants to reach the sap. Like 
the squash bug and some other members 
of its ®rder, it injects something that 
seems to affect the plant injuriously. 
Many other insects of the same group, 
the plant lice, for example, puncture 
plants, but seem to inject nothing, and 
the plants do not droop and wilt, though 
of course are finally weakened, if the 
insects are numerous. 
The apple wilt bug is frequently seen 
everywhere in Kentucky, but probably 
feeds ordinarily on some native plant. It 
is capable of very severe mischief if it 
should become at any time more numer- 
ous than it now is. H. GARMAN, 
Lexington, Ky. 
Bag Worm 
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis 
Occasional enemy of apple trees in Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee and neighboring states. 
A naked caterpillar which constructs 
and carries about with it a tough, gray, 
silken case over the outside of which it 
fastens fragments of leaves. The adult 
male is a small, black moth with trans- 
parent wings. The females are wingless 
and deposit their eggs in their pupa 
cases left hanging to twigs. The eggs 
are deposited in September and October. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Also its case 
(Tennessee Experiment Sta- 
Fig. 1. Adult Bag Worm, Male. 
and pupa case. 
tion. ) 
Control 
Destroy the pupa cases. 
arsenate of lead. 
Spray with 
BARK BEETLE. See Fruit Tree Bark 
Beetle, this section. 
BLackK ScaLe. See Olive. 
BuIsTeR Mitr, LEAF BLIsteR MITE, PEAR 
LEAF BLISTER Mite. See under Pear. 
BORERS 
Apple Bud Borer 
Steganoptycha pyricolana Murt. 
Young apple trees have been consid- 
erably injured by small caterpillars bor- 
ing into the terminal buds and thus 
stunting their growth. Upon trees top- 
worked by budding the shoots from the 
buds are often seriously injured. Only 
the “water sprouts” are attacked upon 
old trees. These caterpillars ultimately 
transform into small moths, which lay 
eggs for another brood. Four broods 
occur in a season, about six weeks being 
required for each. During the winter the 
caterpillars hibernate in their burrows in 
the twigs and in small silken cases on 
the branches. They may thus be spread 
on nursery stock. The best means of 
control is by pruning off infested termi- 
nals in winter, keeping “‘water sprouts” 
cut off old trees, and frequent spraying 
with arsenites. 
