APPLE PESTS 
Fig. 1. Terminals of Young Apple. Trees, Tak- 
en During the Winter. Hibernating Bud 
Borers were found at x, x, x, often at the 
base of a leaf stem. (Delaware Experiment 
Station. ) 
The bud borer has a wide distribution. 
It seems to be held in check, however, 
by a natural enemy in the form of a 
small fly. 
Apple Twig Borer 
Amphicerus bicaudatus, Say 
Attacks apples, pears, cherries, and 
other trees, and bores into the twig just 
above a bud for food and shelter. The 
beetle which does the damage is about 
one-third of an inch long, cylindrical in 
form, brownish above and black under- 
neath. 
Remedies 
The remedy that is recommended is to 
look for the infested twigs, cut them off 
and burn them. See also page 505. 
Branch and Twig Borer 
Polycaon confertus Lec. 
H. F. WiILson 
Although apparently never doing any 
amount of damage this insect is often 
found attacking the stems and branches 
of pome fruits and even grapes. Nothing 
507 
is known of its life history in Oregon, 
but in California the larvae work in live 
oak trees and it is very likely that they 
do the same here. The adult beetles 
start in to burrow above the buds and 
excavate a shallow burrow downwards, 
rarely deeper than the length of the body. 
This burrow is about one-fourth inch in 
diameter and why ‘it is made is not 
known unless it is for the purpose of 
feeding, as they apparently never deposit 
eggs in them. 
They have never been abundant enough 
to cause any great alarm, but the bur- 
rows offer excellent opportunity for the 
entrance of fungi and decay organisms. 
There is no known method of preven- 
tion. 
The Branch and Twig Borer. Adult 
Big. oh. 
(Original) 
and work on young twig. 
Flat-Headed Apple Tree Borer 
Chrysobothris femorata Fab. Family 
Buprestidae 
General Appearance 
The adult beetle is oblong, flattened 
and the body color metallic greenish 
black. On each wing cover are three 
raised longitudinal lines which are tra- 
versed by two brass-colored depressions, 
dividing the surface into three nearly 
equal dark areas. The underside is 
metallic copper, and the feet green. The 
eggs are yellow, ribbed, but one-fiftieth 
of an inch long and oval in form with 
one end flattened. The mature larvae 
are dark yellow and without legs. The 
anterior portion, just behind the head, 
is enormously enlarged and _ flattened, 
giving the insect its common name, 
though in reality the head proper is very 
small and easily distinguished by the 
black jaws. The pupa is first white, but 
