APPLE PESTS 509 
Fig, 1. 
from below; b, adult moth—all enlarged. 
The Fruit Tree Bark Borer. 
The moths fly at night and are rarely 
seen. The wing expanse is about an 
inch. The head and body are dusky 
gray while the fore wings are a dusky 
gray with brownish-red and black mark- 
ings. The hind wings are smoky. 
Remedies 
The borers are most commonly found 
boring into wounds, cracks of the bark, 
cut ends of branches, etc. Such abrasions 
should, therefore, be cut as smooth as 
possible and then be well painted. 
Infested trees with loose and cracking 
bark should be well scraped during the 
winter, thus destroying many of the 
hibernating borers, aS well as many other 
insects with similar habits (such as the 
codling moth). Trees with smooth bark 
are also less likely to be again attacked. 
The borers will not all be caught by 
scraping, however, and the trees should 
be carefully gone over and all borers cut 
out before May 1. Washing the trunks 
and lower branches of the trees with 
whale-oil soap or thick caustic soft soap, 
to which has been added one pint of 
crude carbolic acid to every ten gallons, 
which is used as a repellent against the 
apple tree borer beetle, may also prevent 
the moths from depositing their eggs on 
trees so treated. Such washes should be 
applied before the middle of May and 
will be of value in repelling other boring 
insects. 
Subsequently during the summer the 
borers should be cut out as often as ob- 
served, which can be easily and quickly 
done, as they never penetrate the sap- 
a, caterpillar or borer from above: c, same 
Delaware Experiment Station. 
wood and their presence is usually no- 
ticeable by the borings thrown out at the 
surface of the bark. 
Round-Headed Apple Tree Borer 
Saperda candida Fabr. 
This is a very injurious beetle to the 
apple trees. The adult insect measures 
about three-fourths of an inch long, is 
brown and has two broad white stripes 
extending the length of the body. The 
eggs are laid on the bark near the base 
of the tree during the summer. The 
larvae, which are white with round heads 
and black jaws, hatch within a _ short 
time and immediately they begin to bore 
into the interior of the tree. It takes 
three seasons for the larvae to reach 
maturity; the beetles come out during 
the summer. 
Remedies 
The larvae may be detected first by the 
discoloration of the bark and later by the 
castings which have been pushed out of 
the burrows. The most effective remedy, 
as for the other tree borers, is the dig- 
ging out method. Of course this means 
the making of additional wounds on the 
trees which in some cases may be as bad 
as the borers. Protecting the trunk of 
the tree to prevent the laying of the eggs 
by the females is recommended. Mosquito 
netting wrapped about the trunk is said 
to be satisfactory. . 
Measures used against the peach tree 
borer ought to give just as good satis- 
faction with the round-headed apple tree 
borer. 
