514 
properly. The adults are moths measur- 
ing about one-half inch from tip to tip of 
the wings. The larvae hibernate in cases 
attached to twigs. In spring they feed 
on the opening buds and the new foliage 
till full grown, living all the time in cases 
which are readily seen projecting from 
the surface of the bud or leaf. They also 
attack the flowers and fruit. The case- 
bearers are distributed from Nova Scotia 
westward to the Mississippi and south- 
ward. They are held in check by a mi- 
nute parasite. 
Treatment 
Spray with kerosene emulsion or Paris 
green early in spring before the leaf buds 
are opening. Orchards regularly treated 
for codling moth will not be troubled. 
Catreprntars. See Tent Caterpillar, 
Red Humped Caterpillar. 
Cecropia Moth 
Samia cecropia 
This is the largest caterpillar and moth 
occurring in the United States. The 
caterpillar measures, when grown, in the 
neighborhood of four inches in length and 
bears along the back blunt tubercles, 
some red, some yellow, some blue. Some 
of the larger moths have a wing expanse 
of seven inches. 
The magnificent moth of this insect is 
so striking in size and colors that most 
people who have lived in the country or 
in villages have at some time had their 
attention arrested by it. The larvae is 
not less striking, but its green colors are 
so like those of the leaves that it is not 
often seen, unless several of them should 
denude a small tree or two in a door- 
yard. I have known a couple of the 
ravenous fellows to clear the leaves from 
a young apple tree pretty completely. 
The pupa stage is passed in a large 
reddish gray cocoon, consisting of tough 
layers, the outer one separated by a layer 
of loose silk from an inner oval, com- 
pletely closed over surrounding the pupa. 
Not important. H. GARMAN, 
Lexington, Ky. 
Climbing Cutworms 
(Various species) 
Sometimes the expanding buds of apple 
and other fruit trees are eaten into and 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
destroyed, yet no destructive agent is in 
evidence to account for the damage, 
Some parts of the tree fail to leat out, 
or the young leaves on an entire branch 
suddenly disappear. Some of the blos. 
soms are found to have a hole cut 
through the side of the calyx and the 
ovary consumed. Such damage is usually 
indicative of the work of climbing cut. 
worms which feed at night. Several aif. 
ferent species work such injury  Bangq- 
ing the trees as for canker worms, with 
sticky materials, cotton batting or tin col- 
lars is perhaps the most reliable measure 
Poisoned bran mash used in conjunction 
with banding is very effective Where 
early spraying is done for the bud worms 
and casebearers or canker worms, prob- 
ably no other measure will be needed. 
H. A. Gossarp, 
Wooster, Ohio 
Codling Moth 
Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. 
By H. F. Wiison 
The codling moth must everywhere be 
considered an important factor in apple, 
and to a less extent, in pear growing. 
It occurs in every important apple grow- 
ing section of the world, and wherever 
repressive measures are not employed, 
annually destroys one-fourth or more of 
the crop. 
Supposed Immune Regions—The above 
statement is made notwithstanding the 
repeated appearance of reports of new or 
little developed fruit regions which, by 
reason of some especially favorable soil 
or climatic condition, are supposed to be 
immune. 
Orchardists who are located, or who 
contemplate locating in such supposed 
favored regions are cautioned against re- 
lying too implicitly upon the continued ab- 
sence of the codling moth, unless active, 
intelligent effort, rather than blind reli- 
ance upon an unknown factor, be made 
to prevent its gaining a good foothold. 
During the past fifteen years we have 
seen this idea of immunity dispelled 
in locality after locality in the Pacific 
Northwest, and when we consider that 
the codling moth is a serious pest in 
England, on the continent of Hurope 
