APPLE PESTS 
Owing to their coloring, which resem- 
bles closely that of the bark upon which 
they often rest, and their: habit of re- 
maining quiet during the daytime, these 
moths can very rarely be detected in the 
orchard. Occasionally one may be seen 
flitting about the trees at twilight, and 
very rarely we have observed them resting 
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quietly upon the bark and leaves and 
even on the ground. When disturbed 
they start away with a swift zig-zag mo- 
tion very hard to follow. For the purpose 
of depositing eggs they normally fly only 
during the warm nights, and are pre- 
sumably most active during the twilight 
period. 
Recommendations for Northwest 
Conditions which are found in the East- 
ern states have but little bearing upon 
somewhat dissimilar conditions found in 
this section. Early spraying alone will 
not save the fruit, and it is not only prac- 
ticable but necessary to fight the second 
brood. So far as the codling moth is con- 
cerned, early applications, after the calyx 
lobes close are of very little value in 
Western Oregon and Washington. In the 
orchard sections of those regions the 
petals fall from the first week in May to 
several weeks later in sections along the 
coast. 
The first larvae enter the fruit at Cor- 
vallis, Oregon, rarely before June 25, so 
that a period of about six or seven weeks 
exists between the time of the calyx spray 
517 
and the time when the larvae enter the 
fruit. This is in a great measure due 
probably to the fact that the eggs of the 
codling moth are not deposited until the 
evening temperatures reach 60 degrees 
Fahrenheit, or above. 
At Roseburg, Oregon, the records of the 
U. S. Weather Bureau for the past ten 
years were examined and notes made as 
follows: After May 20, at dusk of each 
day the temperature is about 60 degrees 
Fahrenheit, or above. Beginning with June 
1 the evening temperature, up to 12 
o’clock, does not fall below 65 degrees 
Fahrenheit. At Roseburg, June 8, eggs, 
hatched and unhatched, were found with 
an occasional larva entering the fruit. 
At Medford, Oregon, the larvae begin 
to work in the fruit about the same time. 
Recommendations for Spraying in 
Northwest 
Make at least three applications and in 
renovating old orchards a fourth will not 
do any harm. 
1. In all sections spray 
after the petals fall. 
2. In all sections of Western Oregon and 
Washington it is not necessary to spray 
two weeks after the first application. 
Make the second application approximate- 
ly six weeks after the calyx spray, and 
the third about five weeks after the sec- 
ond. Where a fourth application is deemed 
necessary, spray about three weeks after 
the third. 
3. In sections of the Northwest, east of 
the Cascade mountains, spray from two to 
three weeks after the first application, de- 
pending upon the weather conditions. 
Make a third application five weeks after 
the second and a fourth two weeks later 
than the third. 
Poisons To Be Used 
Paris green, London purple, arsenate of 
lime, and arsenate of lead, are the prin- 
cipal arsenites which have been used for 
spraying. At present the last-named is 
practically the only one used. The prin- 
cipal brands upon the market at present 
are Bean’s Ortho 18, Better Spray, Gras- 
Selli’s Star, Lyons’, Swift’s, and Sherwin- 
Williams. These fall readily into two 
classes, viz.: the neutral ortho-arsenates 
immediately 
