APPLE PESTS 
tufts of bristle-like projections. Two 
proods are reported, the last one seems 
to be the worst. This insect is sometimes 
confused with the tent caterpillar which 
appears in the spring and builds its webs 
in the forks of the limbs. 
Remedies 
The clusters of eggs on the limbs should 
be destroyed if possible when the leaves 
are off. The webs or tents may be cut out 
and destroyed or they may be burned 
with a torch. If this cannot be done 
spray with standard solutions of some of 
the arsenical mixtures. 
FABIAN GARCIA 
Fruit Tree Bark Beetle 
Scolytus rugulosus Ratz 
General Characteristics and Method of 
Work 
Orchard trees are subject to the attack 
of a small boring insect, the fruit tree 
bark beetle (Scolytus rugulosus Ratz), its 
presence being manifested by what are 
ealled “worm holes,” minute round open- 
ings in the outer bark scarcely a sixteenth 
of an inch in diameter, accompanied by 
wilting of the leaves and shriveling of the 
bark, and, in the case of stone-fruit trees, 
by more or less copious exudations of 
gum. The first appearing holes are made 
by the parent beetles in entering the bark 
to deposit their eggs, but later, if no effort 
is made to check the insect’s work, the 
bark will be found thickly “peppered” 
with holes as though by fine bird shot. 
These are the exit holes of beetles that 
have in their larval stage mined and de- 
veloped under the bark. 
Distribution 
Since first observed in this country in 
1877 the species has spread pretty general- 
ly from New York westward to the Mis- 
Ssissippi states. 
Life History 
As early as the middle of March, first of 
April or later in May, according to local- 
ity and season, the parent beetles make 
their first appearance and may be seen 
crawling about orchard trees and begin- 
ning to burrow through the bark. After 
penetrating to the sapwood, the female 
521 
constructs, partly within the bark and 
partly in the wood next to it, a vertical 
gallery or brood chamber, and along the 
Sides of this at very short intervals gnaws 
little pockets in which she deposits her 
eggs. The minute, whitish, grub-like lar- 
vae hatching from these eggs excavate 
little side galleries, which start out at 
right angles to the brood chamber but 
soon diverge and widen with the increase 
in size of the growing larvae. Much 
more frequently this insect lives in such 
numbers, with its galleries so closely 
packed together under the bark of a 
tree, that it is with difficulty that individ- 
ual galleries can be distinguished. 
The complete transformation from egg 
to adult occupies from four to six weeks. 
There are two, and possibly three, broods. 
Remedies 
The beetles are held in check by a num- 
ber of parasites. The “cutting out” 
method in use against other borers is of 
little avail in this case. 
Where clean culture is practised and 
trees are regularly sprayed for codling 
moth and scale these insects will be in 
large measure repelled. The beetles may 
be killed in specially infested areas by 
light applications of kerosene oil, after 
which these areas should be cut away. 
From Div. Ento. Circular 29, Revised. 
Fruit Tree Leaf Roller 
Archips argyrosptla Walk 
Introduction 
Until quite recently the fruit tree leaf 
roller (Archips argyrospila Walk) has 
been looked upon as an insect of only 
minor importance to cultivated crops. 
During the past few years, however, it 
has become unusually abundant and has 
caused considerable loss to fruit grow- 
ers in certain sections, notably in Colo- 
rado and New Mexico and in New York 
state. 
The damage incurred by the leaf roller 
has varied from 25 to 90 per cent of the 
entire fruit crop, depending on the meas- 
ures of control adopted, the abundance 
of the “worms,” and the kind or variety 
of fruit attacked. In unsprayed orchards 
