524 
puddling of oil around the crown should 
be guarded against. 
Lime-sulphur solutions proved to be 
a decided failure as a destroyer of the 
ege masses. Strengths ranging from 1 
gallon of lime-sulphur to 7 gallons of 
water to 1 gallon of lime-sulphur to 10 
gallons of water were sprayed on apple 
trees and no benefit was derived from 
their use. 
Recommendations for Control 
Experimental work has shown that the 
best method for controlling the fruit tree 
leaf roller is by a very thorough applica- 
tion of a miscible oil at the rate of 1 gal- 
lon to 15 gallons of water during the dor- 
mant season. It must be understood that 
by thoroughness of application is meant 
the use of enough material to cover all 
parts of the tree, from the tip of the 
highest or smallest branch to the very 
base of the trunk. In order to do 
thorough work the trees must necessarily 
be sprayed from all directions. It is very 
often the case that the top branches or 
those around the inside are missed by the 
man operating the rod. It must be re- 
membered that only those egg masses 
actually hit or covered with the material 
will fail to hatch and those missed will 
surely hatch out “worms” in the spring 
to feed upon the trees. Orchardists 
should realize that thorough spraying 
with the right material and at the proper 
time pays well, but careless, haphazard 
work gives disappointing returns. 
All plants upon which eggs have been 
laid should be sprayed. Besides fruit 
trees, egg masses may be found on vari- 
ous shade trees, shrubs, and currant, 
gooseberry, raspberry, and rose bushes, 
etc. Eggs will also be found on build- 
ings, spray outfits, wagons, fences, etc., 
and it is recommended that these egg 
masses be crushed so far as is practicable. 
The best time to spray is just before 
the buds burst in the spring. Late spring 
is preferable to early spring, as weather 
conditions are usually more favorable. 
There is also less likelihood of injury to 
the trees by the oil after the sap has be- 
gun to flow with considerable pressure. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
Spraying should not be done during 
threatening weathe1. Orchardists should 
bear in mind that the strength of miscible 
oil recommended 1s for a dormant spray 
and should never be applied to trees 
in foliage. Spraying should be completed 
in the spring before the buds have ag. 
vanced so far as to have the gieen tips 
exposed. If the above precautions are 
carefully followed in applying the miseible 
oil, danger of injury to trees will be re. 
duced to the minimum 
There are a number of good commercial] 
brands of miscible 011 on the market. 
These miscible or soluble oils are so made 
that they mix readily with water. Noz- 
zles With medium-sized holes or apertures 
are recommended. 
Miscible oils at the strength recom- 
mended for the destruction of the eggs 
of the fruit tree leaf ioller are valuable 
in controlling scale insects such as the 
San Jose scale, Howard scale, etc. Or- 
chards sprayed with the o1l tor the leaf 
rollers will not require the usual applica- 
tion of lime-sulphur for the San Jose o1 
Howard scales. 
In conjunction with the o1] treatment 
in badly infested districts it is recom- 
mended that a very thorough application 
of arsenate of lead, at the rate of 3 pounds 
to 50 gallons of water, be applied when 
the larvae are emerging from the eggs 
The larvae will be found to be hatching 
just as the cluster buds on early-blooming 
varieties of apple are beginning to sep- 
arate. The necessity for making this ap- 
plication will depend largely upon the 
thoroughness with which the miscible 
oil was applied. 
From Diy. Ents. Circular 29, Reissued 
References 
Bureau Entomology, Bulletin 116. 
Colorado Board of Horticulture, 1912 
Report. 
Cornell Bulletin 311. 
Fruit Tree Leaf Syneta 
Syneta albida Lec. 
H. EF. Winson 
Although this insect has been doing 
quite a little damage for some time, there 
