APPLE PESTS 
this aphid give birth to both winged and 
wingless forms. After the third brood 
no winged generations appear. All 
broods after the first are viviparous fe- 
males, that is, they give birth to living 
young. Each “stem mother” gives birth 
to about fifty at the rate of eight to ten 
per day, each new generation coming to 
maturity in about ten days or less. All 
this time no males have been present in 
the colony but some appear in the last 
brood in the fall and with this genera- 
tion eggs are produced which preserve 
the species over winter. 
Control 
For remedies see end of general article 
on aphids.—Ed. 
Green Fruit Worm or Green Apple Worm 
Xylena sp. 
The green fruit worm is a yellowish 
green, naked caterpillar, which eats into 
the sides of the small green apple, the 
results of which are shown in the cut. 
It also eats the leaves. When fully grown 
it is nearly an inch and a half long. 
Numerous reports from the Bitter Root 
valley indicate that considerable damage 
is done by them there. The caterpillars 
often make only small openings in the 
skin of the young apples, but instead of 
healing smoothly these wounds form a 
rusty or corky area, which has often been 
mistaken for the true apple scab by per- 
sons who have not seen the latter. Sim- 
ilar injury is sometimes done to the pear. 
Other Food Plants 
Besides the apple and the pear a con- 
siderable number of other plants are fed 
upon by this insect, including peach, 
plum, quince, currant, oak, wild cherry, 
box elder and rose. It is probable that 
other plants, at present unknown, are in- 
cluded in the diet of these caterpillars. 
With this list of food plants, it is appar- 
ent that we cannot hope to ever approach 
eradication and that our efforts should 
be directed merely toward reducing the 
damage in the orchards. 
Distribution 
The exact identity of the parent of 
these fruit worms is not known, but it is 
* Fig. 2. 
527 
probable that the species concerned is 
of wide distribution in the United States. 
Life History 
This species belongs to the same fam- 
ily of moths as the ordinary cut worms 
and the parent insect is a dull, night- 
flying moth, which would not attract at- 
tention if it were to be seen by the fruit 
grower. The details of its life history are 
not well known. It is probable the eggs 
are laid soon after the leaf buds open 
and the young worms hatching a few days 
later feed first on the leaves and later 
on the fruits. They continue their feed- 
ing through the early part of the season 
After Effects of Green Fruit Worm. 
(Original) 
and reach full size about the time the 
apples are an inch in diameter, when they 
go into the soil and pupate. In the late 
Summer and early fall the moths issue 
from the pupae and pass the winter un- 
der any favorable shelter. In the spring 
they resume activity and deposit their 
eggs on the trees as above indicated. 
Control 
Clearly, spraying is the only method 
by which we may expect to be able to 
destroy these worms and, from the fact 
that they feed extensively upon the fo- 
liage, it would appear to be easy to get 
satisfactory results. 
