APPLE PESTS 
tory and habits otf the two species have 
doubtless been responsible for the almost 
complete oversight in the United States 
of this species as an important enemy of 
the apple. 
Control 
The common measures used against the 
codling moth have served to keep this 
species in check. 
Lime Tree Winter Moth 
Hrannis tiharva 
The females are wingless and late in 
October or early in November may be 
seen ascending the trunks of trees. They 
are spider-like creatures with yellowish 
white bodies. 
Band with tree tanglefoot to prevent 
their ascent. 
Mediterranean Fruit Fly 
Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann 
H. EF. WiILson 
In countries where this pest has gained 
a foothold it is one of the greatest insect 
enemies of fruit raising. At the present 
time it is believed that Brazil is its na- 
tive home. Adults have been reared from 
apricots, peach, pear, plum, apple, fig, 
oranges, lemons and a number of other 
important fruits. 
Means of Distribution 
From evidence gathered in various 
sources the pest is distributed in fruit. 
An extract from bulletin 28 of the De- 
partment of Agriculture, Cape of Good 
Hope (South Africa), will show the dang- 
er to fruit growing in the United States 
should it gain a foothold. “It is no 
doubt carried into distant localities in 
infested fruit. Visit almost any morn- 
ing market in the Colony after apricots 
and peaches are ripe and you can find 
maggots and puparia in abundance. That 
this fruit is purchased and shipped to 
other places, or carried away in small 
lots goes without saying. While visiting 
one of our most important markets on a 
Saturday morning during February, 1904, 
I found loads of infested peaches. There 
was absolutely no sale for the most of 
them, and the growers in disgust dump- 
ed them out on the ground. I said noth- 
ing, for, in the first place, I had absolute- 
531 
ly no right or authority in the matter, 
and secondly, I wished to note the course 
of events. They were being removed by 
+ o'clock Monday morning, but the 
ground for yards around was dotted white 
with maggots trying to hide away for 
transformation, and puparia could be 
picked up by the hundred Under such 
a deplorable state of affairs it is quite 
possible that some of the adults would 
again find their way into wagons and be 
carried away to distant farms” 
The adult fly is yellowish with black 
and white markings Both wings being 
banded with yellow and with a series of 
black lines toward the base. The abdo- 
men is yellow and is crossed with two 
white bands. 
The larvae or maggots resemble those 
of any of our common flies, such as the 
cabbage root maggot. 
The life history in general is about as 
follows The eggs are deposited in the 
fruit by means of the sharp ovipositor 
with which each female is furnished. As 
soon as they hatch, the young larvae at 
once begin to feed on the pulp of the fruit. 
When fully developed, which usually re- 
quires about three weeks, they leave the 
fruit and enter the ground where they 
change to puparia and later to adults. 
The adults push up through the soil and 
in a short time are ready for work. A 
very efficient remedy has been found for 
this insect in South Africa which pre- 
vents the adults from depositing their 
eggs. 
Mites.—fee Red Spider, this section, 
and Blister Mite, under Pear. 
Oblique-Banded Leaf Roller 
Cacoema rosana Harris 
H. F. Wirtsown 
Appearing on various plants through- 
out the United States we may expect to 
find the larvae of this insect working on 
the leaves of all our cultivated pome, bush 
and small fruits. In extreme cases some 
little damage may be done to apples and 
pears. In these cases the skin of the fruit 
is eaten and even holes are made in the 
fruit which makes it unfit for sale 
The adults have a wing expanse of about 
one inch. General color leather colored 
