588 
mits of expansion and of contraction, as 
occasion demands, is desirable. 
Mention should be made of a hive of 
quite different construction, a prominent 
feature of which is this ease of contrac 
tion and expansion. It is the last hive 
which the late M. Quinby gave to the 
public—the Quinby closed-end frame hive. 
This hive is used with great success by 
certain American bee keepers of long ex- 
perience and whose apiaries are among 
the largest in the world. 
Management in Swarming 
Natural Swarming 
When a swarm is seen issuing or in the 
air, the best thing to do is, in general, 
simply to wait a bit. The weather is 
usually rather warm then, and rushing 
about to get tin pans, dinner gongs, 
spraying outfits, etc., aside from its dis- 
agreeableness, may get one so excited 
and into such a perspiration as to unfit 
him to do with the bees that which is 
likely to be necessary a few minutes 
later. The bees will probably gather in 
a clump on a tree or bush near the apiary 
and however formidable getting them in- 
to the hive may at first seem, nothing 
will be simpler than shaking them into 
their new hive, or into a basket or box, 
from which they may be poured in front, 
of the hive, just as one would pour out 
a measure of wheat or beans. 
The securing of swarms can be made, 
however, even simpler than this by hav- 
ing the colonies placed several feet apart, 
on a smooth Jawn or dooryard and clip- 
ping one wing of each laying queen so, 
as to prevent her flying. The prime or 
first swarm from each hive is accom- 
panied by the old queen, and if she be 
clipped she will of course fall from the 
alighting board to the ground and may be, 
secured in a cage. 
The parent colony removed to a new 
Stand a rod or more away will rarely 
give a second swarm. But to make cer- 
tain all queen cells except one may be 
cut out four or five days after the issu- 
ance of the first swarm. 
Hach after-swarm (second, third, etc.), 
it should be borne in mind, is accom- 
panied by one or more unimpregnated 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
queens, and these must not he clipped 
until they have fiown out and mated, The 
regular deposition of eggs in worker cells 
may nearly always be regarded as a safe 
sign that mating has taken place. Eggs 
will usually be found in such cells Within 
the first ten days of the queen’s life. 
Prevention of Swarming 
Under the conditions most frequently 
occurring—that is, where it is not prac- 
ticable to be present at all times during 
the swarming season, or where the de- 
sired number of colonies has been at- 
tained——a system of management is ad- 
visable which in general contemplates the 
prevention, insofar as possible, of the 
issuance of swarms without at the same 
time interfering with honey storing. The 
paragraphs following on this subject are 
taken from the department publication, 
“The Honey Bee.” 
The most commonly practiced and 
easily applied preventive measure is that 
of giving abundant room for storage of 
honey. This to be effective should be given 
early in the season, before the bees get 
fairly into the swarming notion, and the 
honey should be removed frequently, un- 
less additional empty combs can be given, 
in the case of colonies managed for ex- 
tracted honey, while those storing in sec- 
tions should be given additional supers 
before those already on are completed, 
With colonies run for comb honey it is 
not so easy to keep down swarming as in 
those run for extracted honey and kept 
supplied with empty comb. Free ventila- 
tion and shading of the hives as soon as 
warm days come will also tend toward 
prevention. Opening the hives once or 
twice weekly and destroying all queen 
cells that have been commenced will 
check swarming for a time in many in- 
stances, and is a plan which seems very 
thorough and the most plausible of any 
to beginners. But sometimes swarms is- 
sue without waiting to form cells; it is 
also very difficult to find all cells with- 
out shaking the bees from each comb in 
succession, an operation which, besides 
consuming much time, is very laborious 
when supers have to be removed, and 
greatly disturbs the labors of the bees. 
