BLACKBERRY--BLACKBERRY 
District No. 17 
ReCOMMENDID — Dessert and market: 
Early Harvest Market Lawton; Wil- 
son Wessert Kittatinny; Crandall. 
District No. 18 
HIGHI.Y RECOMMLNbrEp—Crandall. 
RECOMMENDED —~ Dessert and kitchen: 
Lucretia (dewberry). Market: Lawton. 
Dessert: Kittatinny. 
BLACKBERRY DISEASES 
ANTIIRACNOSH. See Raspverry. 
BRAMBLE Rust. See Rust, this section. 
Crown Gall 
Bacterrun tumefaciens 
Produces large swellings just below the 
ground. Destroy all affected plants and 
use care in planting clean stock. 
For extended article on crown gall, see 
under Apple. 
Fruit Rot 
Botrytrs 
The ripe fruit decays on the bushes 
and is covered with a gray, dusty mould. 
More abundant in moist weather. 
No treatment feasible. Affected fruits 
should be discarded, as the rot will spread 
to unaffected fruit after picking. 
Leaf Spot 
Septoria rubs 
Produces small dead spots on the leaves. 
Spray with Bordeaux mixture about 
four times at intervals of about ten days, 
the first application when the buds are 
beginning to unfold. R. E. Surre, 
Berkeley, Cal. 
see Raspberry. 
See Rust, this section. 
Red or Bramble Rust 
Caeoma nitens Schw. 
Wild and cultivated blackberries suffer 
from this disease as well as raspberries. 
Similar in appearance to the orange 
rust and requires the same treatment. 
MusHroom Root Rot. 
ORANGE Rust. 
Rust, Orange Rust 
Gymnoconia interstitalis 
Produces bright orange masses of spores 
all over the under side of the leaves. The 
fungus spreads all through the plant so 
that it is not easily controlled. 
Cut affected plants to the ground and 
DISEASES-—-BLACKBERRY 
PESTS 651 
burn Spray new growth with Bordeaux 
mixture R. E. Sauru, 
Berkeley, Cal. 
BLACKBERRY PESTS 
AMERICAN RASPBERRY BEETLE. See Rasp- 
berry 
APPLE Liar Hoprrr. See under Apple. 
BLACK Currry APHIs. See Aphids. 
BLACKBERRY APIs. See Aphids. 
The Blackberry Crown Borer 
Bembecia marginata 
This borer does considerable damage. 
After growth starts in the spring, some 
canes may be found to be dead. In some 
cases, an examination will reveal at the 
base of such canes, a 16-legged borer, re- 
sembling the peach borer. Many of such 
canes will be found to have been partially 
girdled just at the base during the pre- 
ceding fall, and the pith of the same 
bored out by the caterpillar. The parent 
moth is a clear winged insect, quite re- 
sembling a brightly colored wasp. The 
body is black, banded and marked with 
yellow. The eggs are laid in the fall. 
The most reliable remedy is to cut out 
all infested canes as soon as they are 
discovered and burn, taking care not to 
allow any of the borers to escape from 
the canes before they are burned. 
H. A. Gossarp, 
Wooster, Ohio. 
Buack Preach Apiuis. See Aphids. 
Bramble, Flea Louse 
Trioza tripunctata Fitch. 
A tiny insect which has been found to 
be troublesome in some of the Eastern 
states. A curling of the leaves follows 
the attack. The nymphs are covered with 
jointed waxy threads which break off 
readily and give the leaf a powdery ap- 
pearance when the insects are numerous. 
As soon as the winged forms appear 
spray with kerosene emulsion. 
Not likely to become serious. 
Bup MotTH. See under Apople. 
Cane Borer of Blackberry and Raspberry 
Oberea bimaculata 
The adult beetle girdles the tip of the 
cane with a row of punctures in laying 
her eggs, so that the tips droop and wither. 
The grub is a blind worm without feet 
