652 
and burrows downward in the pith. It 
has a brown head and by fall is about 
an inch long. 
Affected canes should be cut out and 
burned, if in midsummer, below the 
girdled tip; if in the autumn, at the 
ground. 
Frea Lose. 
this section. 
Gouty-Gall Beetle 
Agrilus ruficollis 
The young borers of this species com- 
mence work in July and August. The 
slender, round-headed larvae enter the 
canes at the bases of the leaf stalks, and 
from such points work around the canes 
in long, spiral tunnels through the sap- 
wood. Later in the season, the canes 
swell over the eaten areas, forming en- 
largemenis or galls which are very con- 
spicuous when the leaves fall. The only 
remedy is to prune out and burn the 
galls containing the larvae, and since 
galled canes will never prove of value, 
they may be cut out whenever discov- 
ered. Cut wild canes along roadsides and 
in nearby woodlands and burn in the 
fall of the year after the larvae have en- 
tered them. H. A. Gossarp, 
Wooster, Ohio. 
Lear Hoprer. See under Apple. 
OysTeR SHELL SCALE. See under Apple. 
Pate Brown Brtureus. See Rasp- 
berry. 
Pithy Gall and Seed-like Gall 
A large gall, two or three inches long, 
sometimes found on blackberry canes, is 
divided by four or five furrows into as 
many longitudinal lobes. Within the gall 
can be found small, footless, whitish 
grubs, which, in the spring of the year, 
transform to small, four-winged flies. The 
insect is not very important, but the galls 
should be pruned out and burned. This 
formation is known as the pithy gall of 
the blackberry, and the insect causing it 
is Diastrophus nebulosus. 
A closely related gall of the blackberry 
is known as the seed-like gall, and is 
caused by Diastrophus cuscutaeformis, 
much resembling the preceding species. 
This is a composite gall, consisting of a 
ring of single seed-like galls, the belt 
See Bramble-Flea Louse. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
being an inch or an inch and one-half in 
depth. Cut out and burn 
H. A. Gossarnp, 
Wooster, Ohio 
RASPBERRY BEEILL. See under Rasp- 
berry. 
RASPBERRY Horn Tati See Raspberry 
Rep SPIDER. See under Apple 
The Rose Seale 
Aulacaspis rosae Bouche 
General Appearance 
The female scales are nearly circular 
with very irregular edges and white to 
gray in color with reddish body. The 
diameter varies from one-sixteenth to 
one-eighth of an inch. The male scales 
are long and narrow, very minute, with 
three longitudinal treases, or carine, and 
the bodies reddish white. 
Life History 
All stages of this scale occur practically 
throughout the entire year, including the 
eges, and its spread is very rapid. The 
females cluster in great numbers on the 
canes of berries and roses, especially 
around the crown of the roots. It is 
especially abundant during the spring and 
summer months. It attacks wild and 
cultivated plants. 
Food Plants 
Blackberries, raspberries and 
Abundant on wild blackberries 
Sacramento valley. 
roses. 
in the 
Control 
As the eggs are present at practically 
all seasons and are hard to kill, by either 
spraying or fumigation, this is a some- 
what difficult scale to control. The worst 
infected canes should be cut out and 
burned and the remaining sprayed suc- 
cessively with kerosene, distillate or car- 
bolic acid emulsion, or with lime-sulphur 
when the plants are dormant in the win- 
ter. E. O. Essie 
San JOSE Scare. See under Apple. 
Saw Fly 
Pamphilius dentatus 
A small green worm the larva of one 
of the sawflies, feeds on the under side 
of the leaves. 
