22 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. 



During this same period other investigators were also at work in the same 

 region, with most of whom I had the good fortune either to cooperate or to exchange 

 views, and to whom I am indebted for valuable hints and material assistance on many 

 occasions. 



[ In 1892 Mr. P. R. Uhler published a paper entitled "A Study of Gay Head, 

 Marthas Vineyard, 77 a in which is mentioned the occurrence of fossil leaves, including 

 Sapindus, Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer, Liriodendron simplex Newb., Sequoia ambigua 

 Heer, and a Sassafras, which are described as having been found "in the layers of 

 the alternating clay on both the west and the southwest faces of the Gay Head 

 cliffs. 77 The author also remarks (pp. 210, 211) that a The structure of the Ga}^ 

 Head terrane admits of no explanation as the result of mountain-building move- 

 ments. * * * Such an enormous load of heavy material, accompanied by the 

 thrust and pressure of icebergs driven over the surface and stranded at intervals, 

 even if an extended glacier did not exert its energy upon this weakly consolidated 

 elevation, might well have disturbed the poise of its upper beds. * * * " This 

 same theory had been previously advanced by Dr. F. J. H. Merrill, in order to ac- 

 count for the contortions in certain strata on Long Island, 6 and similar phenomena 

 on Block Island and Staten Island were subsequently referred to the same cause by 

 me in the papers upon the geology of those islands, mentioned in the preceding list. 

 ^ In a paper entitled u Notes on the Clays of New York State and their Economic 

 Value 77c Mr. Heinrich Ries briefly mentions the Staten Island and Long Island clays. 

 In regard to the former he says (p. 43): "The clays of Staten Island are chiefly 

 Cretaceous, as proven by the fossils found in them. * * * The chief outcrops 

 are at Kreischerville, Green Ridge, and Arrochar. * * * In many instances the 

 clays have been much disturbed by the passage of the ice over them, and in some 

 cases the sections show overthrown anticlines. * * * Fragmentary plant 

 remains were found by the writer. 77 On Long Island he mentions the occurrence of 

 clay, "no doubt of Cretaceous age/ 7 at Elm Point and remarks that leaves are said 

 to have been fqund in it, while in regard to the Glen Cove outcrop he says (p. 45): 

 " This has long been known to be Cretaceous, as proved by its contained plant remains, 

 which are in concretions in the clay. 77 The Northport clays are given the following 

 brief description only (p. 45) : "There is a deposit of fire and pottery clay at North- 

 port. It is of white, blue, and red color and is stratified. The layers are separated 

 by thin sheets of sand. The owner claims to have frequently dug up leaves. This 

 is probably another Cretaceous outcrop. 77 



In a subsequent paper by Mr. Ries on " Microscopic Organisms in the Clays of New 

 York State 77 ** the author says (p. 166): "A number of Cretaceous plant remains 

 embedded in concretions have been found along the north shore of the island between 

 Glen Cove and Northport, but they have been found in the clay only at the former 

 locality. The writer has found leaves (referable to Eucalyptus) in the clays at 

 Northport. * * * 77 In this paper a number of species of diatoms are listed as 

 occurring in the Cretaceous clays, as follows (p. 167): "In that from Northport, 

 which greatly resembles some of the Staten Island clays and may prove to be of the 



o Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 1892 (1901), pp. 204-212. 

 6 Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 1885, pp. 358-360. 

 c Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, pp. 40-47. 

 d Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1894, pp. 165-169. 



