DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 37 



the clay marls of New Jersey; it is one of the most abundant species in clays of that 

 State, and a number of specimens have been collected on Staten Island, Block 

 Island, and Marthas Vineyard. 



Locality: Black Rock Point, Block Island, PL V, figs. 1, 2. Collected by 

 Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. 



Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PL V, figs. 3, 4. Collected by Arthur 

 Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. 



Tottenville, Staten Island, PL V, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- 

 men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. 



Princess Bay, Staten Island, PL V, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick. 

 Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. 



Family PINACE.E. 

 Dammara borealis Heer. 



PL II, figs. 2-11 in part, 12-26 in part, 27a. 



Dammara borealis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 54, pi. 37, fig. 5; Hollick, Trans. New York 



Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 31, pi. 1, fig. 17; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 402, pi. 41, fig. 



6; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, 



vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 46, pi. 10, fig. 8. 

 "Seed vessels of coniferous plants," Hitchcock, Final Rept. Geol. Massachusetts, 1841, p. 430, pi. 19, figs. 4, 5. 

 Dammara microlepis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 55, pi. 40, fig. 5; Hollick, Bull. New 



York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 410, pi. 71, figs. 9, 10. 

 Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, (abth. 2), 1882, p. 93, pi. 45, figs. 4-9; pi. 46, fig. 12d; White, 



Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, figs. 9, 10. 

 Dammara Cliffwoodensis Hollick [«], Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 61, pi. 48, figs. 8-11; 



Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 69, pi. 1, fig. 11. 



These scale-like organisms, which are among the most abundant and charac- 

 teristic remains found in the Cretaceous deposits of America and Europe, are referred 

 to the genus Dammara for the sake of convenience rather than from a con- 

 viction that this represents their true generic relationship, and this uncertainty 

 has, if anything, been increased rather than diminished by the large amount of 

 material which has recently been brought to light, but there seems to be but little 

 question that all the specimens are coniferous, including those which Heer regarded 

 as the fruit of Eucalyptus Geinitzi (loc. cit.). Heer recognized three species of 

 Dammara from Greenland (D. macrosperma, D. borealis, and D. microlepis), but 

 I have found it impossible to draw any line of specific distinction in the series of 

 similar specimens represented by our figures. Intermediate forms between the 

 larger ones, shown in figs. 2-6, which are apparently identical with D. borealis 

 (loc. cit.) and the smaller ones shown in figs. 23-27a, which I can not distinguish 

 from D. microlepis (loc. cit.), might be equally well referred to either species, as 

 may be seen by comparing these with figs. 7-22, and hence I have included all 

 under one specific name. 



The first discovery of these organisms was apparently made on Marthas Vineyard 

 and is to be credited to Edward Hitchcock, by whom they were described and fig- 

 ured, but not named. These figures are reproduced on PL II, figs. 12, 21, from his 



