INTEODUCTION xv 



monographs of impoi'tant orders in Engler's Pflanzenreidi^ wliicli will be 

 found quoted in their proper place. Kurz's Forest Flora of Burma appeared in 

 1877, and it has "been a real pleasure to witness how thoroughly this modest 

 but most important work is appreciated and how eagerly it has been used by 

 foresters in Burma. A most important help has been the magnificent volumes 

 of the Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens^ Calcutta^ chiefly I. Ficifs 

 (1888j, II. Artocarptcs, Qitercios^ Casfanopbis (1889), III. 2. Macpioliacem 

 (1891), III. 3. Myristica (1891), IV. 1. Anonacece (1893), all by Sir G-eorge 

 King, YII. Bamhusem by J. S. Gamble (1890), and X. Dalbergia by Lt.-Col. 

 D. Prain (,1904). The Journal and Transactions of the Liiuiemi Society 

 since 1873 contain numerous papers which have been utilized by me, and 

 which are quoted in their proper place. The Records of the Botanical 

 Sicrvey of India brought a number of most impoitant papers by Mr Pottinger,, 

 Mr. G. A. Gammie, and C. Marshall Woodrow, Lt.-Col. Wood, Signore 

 Odoardo Beccari, Mr. Duthie, Lt.-Ool. Prain and Capt. Gage. Among the 

 numerous publications in other languages which have been useful to me in 

 this work, apart from the two general works edited by Professor Engler,. 

 I desire specially to mention Pierre, Flore Forestierc de la Cochinchine, 

 an important work for the study of Burmese trees, tab. 1-400, the last 

 published in 1899, and Koorders en Valeton, Boo^nsorten op Java^ vol. I.-X.^ 

 the last in 1904. 



The excellent List of trees ^ climbers and ivoody shrubs of the Bombay 

 Presidency^ by W. A. Talbot, ed. II. 1902, has been of the greatest use, 

 and Mr. Gamble's Indian Timbers, particularly the second edition (1902jy 

 which I have been able to use from Caprifoliaceoi onwards, has been invalu- 

 able, as well as his List of Trees of the Darjeeling District, ed II. 1896. 

 The Flora of Simla, by the late Sir Henry Collett, 1902, with Miss 

 Smith's excellent illustrations in that valuable book, will be found quoted 

 under the species illustrated. Lt.-Col. David Prain's Bengal Plants (2 vols., 

 1903) I have been able to use for the last Orders only, and the large number 

 of additional localities quoted from that book under '^ addenda " will show 

 how far from complete the specimens before me have been with regard to 

 Ohittagong and other portions of Bengal. The first volume of Mr. Duthie's 

 Flora of the Upper Gangetic Plain and Dr. Cooke's Flora of Bombay, vol. L 

 and vol. II. to p. 432, bave been most useful to me. 



The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society contains valuable 

 papers by Bourdiilon, Talbot, Marshall Woodrow and Th. Cooke. A series of 

 most important papers has been published in the Journal of the Asiatic 

 Society of Bengal, the most prominent of which are the Materials for a Flora 

 of the Malay Peninsula, by Sir George King, now continued by Mr. J. S. 

 Gamble, which commenced to appear in 1890. 



It may perhaps be expected that I should say a few words regarding the 

 geographical distribution of the species dealt with in this volume. These 

 remarks must be brief, and as a matter of course they 'must be limited to 

 species described in this volume, trees, shrubs, etc. In the introductory essay 

 to the Flora Indica by J. D. Hooker and T. Thomson of 1855, p. 115, four 

 primary divisions were recognized, viz. : I. Hindustan, including the Western 

 Peninsula from the base of the Himalaya to Cape Comorin ; 11. The Himalaya ; 

 III. Eastern India, or India east of the mouth of the Ganges ; IV. Afghan- 

 istan and Baluchistan ; and it was clearly set forth in that admirable essay 

 'that the vegetation of the Western Himalaya had great affinity to that of 

 Western Asia and Europe, and that genera and species of China and Japan 

 prevailed in the Eastern Himalaya. 



Since then a number of excellent papers have been published, in which 

 these great primary divisions have been subdivided, and a larger number of 

 botanical regions established. The most important of these papers are: 

 C. B. Clarke, the Botanical Subsitbareas of British India, illustrated by 

 the Distribution of Cyperaceee, Journal Idnnean Society, XXXIV. p. 1 



