xxvi SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS 



4. Anonacem^ p. 9. L. alternate, simple, stipules none. Sepals 3, petals in one or 

 two trimerons wlioiis. Stamens nsnally co, filaments short or none, anther-cells 

 adnate to a broad connective. Carpels distinct in fruit (confluent in Anona). Seeds 

 large, embryo small, endosperm ruminated. 



0. Menupermacem^ p. 22. Usually climbers with broad medullary rays and otherwise 

 anomalous wood structure. L. alternate, simple, mostly palminerved, often peltate, 

 stipules 0. Fl. small, u.nisexual, trimerous, sepals usually free. Stamens ox:)posite to- 

 petals, usually 6, carpels free, as a rule 3. Embryo curved, with or without 

 endosperm. 



6. BerheridacecB, p. 27. L. alternate, glabrous. Sepals and petals alike, usually 

 trimerous, caducous. Stamens opposite to petals, anthers adnate, as a rule opening by 

 valves. Carpels distinct, often one only. Endosperm fleshy. 



7. Ca^paridacem, p. 31. L. as a rule alternate, stipules often present and spinescent. 

 PI. usually bisexual, often zygomorphic. As a rule sejpals 4, petals 4. Stamens, 

 generally numerous, filaments filiform. Carpels connate into a 1-oelled ovary w^ith 

 2-4 paiietal placenta-^, often on an elongated gynophore. Embryo curved, endosperm 

 or scanty. 



8. Eesedace(B, p. 37. L. alternate, stipules minute or 0. El. in spikes or racemes, 

 often z3^gomorphic, calyx 4-7-lobed. Stamens usually numerous, seated on a hypo- 

 gynous disk. Carpels connate into a 1-celled ovary with 2-6 parietal placentas. Seeds 

 numerous, reniform, endosperm 0. 



9. Violacece, p. 37. L. as a rule alternate, stipules small or leafy. Eh regular or 

 zygomorphic, sepals 5, imbricate, persistent, petals 5. Stamens 5, filaments short or 0,. 

 connective broad and often produced above, anthers connivent or connate round the 

 ovary. Carpels connate into a one-celled ovary with usually 3 parietal placentas. 

 Seeds sm.all, embryo straight in a fleshy endosperm. 



10. JBixacecB, p. 38. L. alternate, simple, mostly dentate, stipules small or 0. El. 

 regular, 4~ or 5-merous, stamens usually numerous. Ovary 1-celled, seeds few, arillate 

 or with pulpy testa. 



11. PiftosporacecB, p. 42. L. alternate, sim]ple, entire, stipules 0. El. regular^ 

 pentamerous and pentandrous, sepals free, as well as petals imbricate, anthers versatile. 

 Embryo small, in copious endosperm. 



12. Foh/galacecBj p. 43. L. alternate, simple, quite entire, stipules 0. El. bisexual, 

 zygomorphic, sepals 5, the 2 inner larger, petaloid, petals 5 or 3. Stamens as a rule 8, 

 filaments usually connate in a cleft sheath, anthers mostly opening by terminal |)ores. 



13. TamaricacecB, p. 45. L. alternate, small, generally scale-like. El. regulai^, in 

 spikes, racemes or panicles, sepals and petals usually free, pentamerous, sometimes 

 tetramerous. Stamens as many as petals or twice their number. Capsu.le 8-5-valved, 

 seeds tufted or winged. 



14. Mypericacece, p. 47. L. opposite, often gland-dotted, stipules 0. EL regular, 

 bisexual, sepals 5, imbricate, petals 5, contorted in bud. Stamens numerous, filaments 

 usually connate into 3 or 5 bundles, anthers versatile. Endosperm 0. 



15. Gutfiferm, p. 48. Juice resinous, yellow or greenish. L. opposite, simple, entire^ 

 usually coriaceous, stipules 0. El. regular, u.nisexual or polygamous, se^jals 2-6, 

 mostly in decussate pairs, petals as a rule 2-6, imbricate or contorted. Er. usually 

 mdehiscent, seeds large, endosperm 0. 



16. Termtroemiaceoe, p. 56. L. alternate, simple, generally coriaceous, stipules 0. El. 

 regular, as a rule bisexual, sepals and petals usually pentamerous and imbricate. 

 Stamens generally numerous, ovary 3-5-celled. 



17. Dlpterocdrpacece^ p. 63. Besinous trees. L. alternate, usually coriaceous, 

 simple, penninerved, stipules large, enclosing the bud. El. bisexual, regular, calyx- 

 segments 5, some or all as a rule much enlarged in fr. Petals 5, contorted, stamens 5, 

 10, or more, anthers adnate to filaments. Emit indehiscent, 1-seeded. 



18. Ancistrocladacece, p. 73. Glabrous, woody climbers, not resinous. L. entire, 

 stipules minute, caducous. El. bisexual, regular, pentamerous, calyx adnate to the 

 1-celled ovary, segments m.uch enlarged in fr. 



19- MalvacecBj p. 74. "Wood soft and light. L. alternate, mostly stipulate, generally 

 palminerved, hairs usually stellate. E]. as a rule bisexual, regular, supported by 3 or 

 more braoteoles. Sepals 5, valvate, more or less connate, petals 5, base adnate to 

 staminal-column, contorted in bud. Stamens numerous, filaments variously connate, 

 anthers 1-celled. 



20. SterculiacecB, p. 79. L. alternate, mostly stipulate, hairs often stellate. Sepals 



5, valvate, more or less connate, petals 5 or none. Stamens commonly monadelphous, 

 anthers 2-oelled. Er. a dehiscent capsule or a whorl of distinct carpels. 



21. TiliacecB^ p. 93. L. alternate, simple, stipules deciduous. EL regular, almost 

 always bisexual. Sepals 5, usually connate, valvate in bud. Stamens numerous, anthers 

 2~celled. Ovary 2-10-celled. 



22. Linem, p. 106. L. alternate, simple, entire. EL bisexual, regular, sepals and 

 petals pentamerous, sometimes tetramerous. Stamens 8 or 10, half the number often 



