26 



V. MENISPERMACEiE 



[Tiliacora 



tlxe lowest pair of secondary nerves from near the base, reticulate veins con- 

 spicuous. El. yellow, supported by small bracts, in axillary panicles. Sepals 

 6, in 2 series, the inner much larger ; petals 6, minute, stamens 6, ovaxies 3-12. 

 Eipe carpels 1-10, on short stalks, blunt, \ in. long, endocarp wrinkled, seed 

 bent double, albumen oily, cotyledons linear. 

 Ondh forests, Bengal, Western Peninsula. Fl. R. S. but also at other times. Ceylon. 



7. COCCULUS, DC. ; El. Brit. Ind. i. 101. 



Small trees or woody climbers. El. panicled, sepals 6, the inner larger, 

 petals 6, shorter than the sepals of the inner circle, concave, embracing the 

 stamens. ^ : Stamens 6, filaments free, anthers terminal, the cells opening 

 by transverse slits. ? : Ovaries 3-6. Drapes generally 3, compressed, scar 

 of style near the base on the inner side, endocarp tuberculate, horseshoe shaped. 

 Species 18, in all tropical and subtropical countries. 



1. C. laurifolius, DO. ; Erandis E. El. 9. Vern. Tllpliara^ N.W. 



An erect evergreen shrub or moderate sized tree, leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved, 



shining, the 2 lateral nerves prominent, extending beyond the middle of the 



leaf. El. small, in axillaiy panicles. 



N.W. Himalaya fi'om Chamba to Nepal, ascending to 5,000 ft. Anamalai hills. Shan 

 hills, Upper Burma, at 4,000 ft. PL H. S. Java, China, Japan. 



2. C. macrocarpus, Wight et Arn.— Syn, C. glattcescens, Kurz, E. El. 

 B. B. i. 55. Vei'n. Vatoli, Vat-yel, Mar. 



A gigantic glabrous woody 

 climber, stem as thick as a 

 man's leg, bark smooth, branch- 

 lets with numerous slender ribs, 

 leaves round, pale beneath, blade 

 2-4 in. diam., often broader than 

 long, petiole 2-4 in. long, 3-5 

 basal nerves. EL numerous, 

 pale yellow, in pendulous pani- 

 cles, 1-2 ft. long, mostly fi'om 

 the old wood. Eipe carpels 1-2, 

 obliquely obovoid, nearly 1 in. 

 long, tapering into a short neck, 

 endocarp with transverse ridges. 



West side of the Peninsula, from 

 Matheran southwards. Khasi hills, 

 Chittagong, Lowei^ Burma. Fl. 

 Pehruary-March. Ceylon, moist 

 low country, Sumatra, Celebes, 

 South China. 



Two small woody climbers, com- 

 mon in hedges : 3. C. villostis, DC, ; 

 Vern. Faukh, Oudh, common in the plains and lower hills of both Peninsulas. Branch- 

 lets, leaves and inflorescence grey-tomentose, leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, 

 often mucronate, 1-3 in. long •, 4. 0. Leastoa, DC, dry and arid regions of Western 

 India, Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan (—hanging down over the perpendicular stony sides 

 of dry watercourses—), Western Bajputana, Deccan— Afghanistan, Arabia, tropical and 

 subtropical Africa. Branches and young leaves pubescent, leaves oblong or trapezoid, 

 obtuse, often lobed, J-l| in. long. 



Pericampylus incauus, Miers, Sikkim, Assam, Khasi hills, Burma, Malay Peninsula 

 and Archipelago, is a tomentose climbing shrub, leaves membranous, from a straight 

 or cordate, sometimes slightly peltate base, broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, pale 

 beneath, 5 basal nerves. PL in axillary cymose panicles, petals 6, ovaries 3, style 2 fid, 

 segments subulate. Drupes red, the size of a pea, endocarp horseshoe shaped, crested 

 and echinate. 



Pi«. 11.— Cocculus macrocaipus, 

 Wight et Am. ^. 



