Cadaha] VII. CAPPARIDACEJ] 33 



velli, dry region of Ceylon. Leaflets lanceolate, 2 in long, secondary nerves distinct, 

 sepals ovate, the outer larger, veined, petals pale yellow or wliite, claw long, slender, 

 limb nearly orbicular. Disk process f m long, liollow, dilated at the end, orange-yellow. 



5. CAPPARIS, Liun. ; Fl. Brit. Ind. i. 173. 



^ Trees or shrubs, often climbing, as a rule with stipulary thorns. Leaves 

 simple, often variable in shape and size. M. generally regular, often large : 

 sepals 4, free, mostly imbricate in bud ; petals 4, sessile, imbricate ; stamens 

 00, inserted on a small disk, filaments longer than petals. Ovary on a slender 

 gynophore, mostly l-celled; ovules oo on 2-6 parietal placentas. Eruit 

 fleshy, seeds many, embeddM in pulp, cotyledons convolute. Species 125, in 

 all warm regions, not in North America. 



A. M. solitary, axillary, nearly all western species. 



,,,f,^%^P^^osa, Linn. ; Brand. F. Fl. 14.— Syn. C. Murrayana,Qmh.d.m; 

 Wight Ic. t. 379 ; a JeiLGojphtjlla, DC. ; CoUett Simla Fl. 38. Caper plant. 

 Vern. Kabhar, Arab. ]Kakri, kander, Pb.; Biissar, KunmsiT ; Kalvari, Sind. 



A trailing shrub, with long green branches, young shoots frequently dow^ny 

 with soft hairs. Leaves broad-ovate or obovate, thick, mostly glabrous when 

 full grown; stout, generally recurved, stipular spines at the base of petiole. FL 

 1-3 in. across, pedicel equal to or longer than leaf. Petals at first pure white, 

 pmk and purplish red as they fade. Stamens longer than petals, filaments 

 slender, purple. Fruit 1-3 in. long, on a strong gf nophore, bent downwards 

 when ripe, opening irregularly by 3-4 valves, crimson inside. 



Punjab, Sind, Guzerat (Powergarh), Western G-liats as far south as Mahabalesliwar 

 (here on the western moist face of the Ghats). Inner dry valleys of Nortb-West 

 Himalaya, ascending to 12,000 ft., Western Tibet and Yarkand. Fl. according to 

 locality between January and October. Webtern Asia, North Africa, and South 

 Europe. Tlie flower buds (pickled) are the capers of Europe. In Ladakh the young 

 leaves eaten as vegetable. 



2. C. divaricata, Lamk.; Wight Ic. t. 889. --Syn. C. stylosa.DG. ; Bedd. 

 Manual 13 t. 2. Vern. Wagatt, Mar. 



A large shrub or small tree, shoots glabrous or pubescent. Leaves linear or 

 elliptic, stipular spines straight. Fl. green, 2|- in. diam., pedicels i-l in. 

 Fruit ribbed, tubercled, nearly globose, 2-3 in. diam. 



Common all over tlie Deccan, on stony ground and on black soil in Babul forests. 



Nearly allied : 3. C. hastigera, Hance, a Chinese shrub, also found in Upper Burma, 

 young shoots with minute caducous stellate hairs ; leaves with two obtuse lobes at 

 the base, sometimes lanceolate, entire, the only Eastern species as yet known in this 

 section. 4. 0. grandiflora, Wall.—Syn. C. :pyripUa, Wight et Arn. ; Wight Ic. t. 1,047. 

 Southern portion of the western peninsula. Branchlets tomentose. Leaves ovate, 

 acute, mucronate, pubescent beneath. Fl 3 in. diam , pedjeels i-^ in. 5. 0. zeylauica, 

 Linn.— Syn. a hrevispina^ DC; Hook. Ic. t. 126; Vern WatjuUi, Mar. Coast scrub 

 forests, G-anjam. Western Deccan, dry country of Ceylon, glabrous. Leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate, pale beneath, lJ-4 m , secondary and reticulate tertiary nerves pi^omi- 

 nent. Fl. sometimes in pairs, l|-2 in. diam. white, petals with a basal blotch of 

 yellow, which turns purple. Fruit 1| in. bright scarlet. 6. C. Heyneana, Wall. 

 Evergreen forests of the Western Ghats from the Konkaii southwards, young shoots 

 iiocoose, stipulary spines minute or wanting. Leaves 3-6 in., coriaceous, shining above, 

 ovate or lanceolate; secondary nerves prominent, joined by distinct intramarginal 

 loops. Fl. pale blue, 4-5 in. diam., sometimes in pairs. 



B. Fl. in corymbs or umbels, western species. 



7. C. aphylla, Eoth ; Brand. F. Fl. 14, t. 3. Vern. Karzl, Kari, Kair^ 

 KaHlj North-West India ; Kiral, Sind ; Ker, Kera Gtcj, Mar. 

 A glabrous, almost leafless shrub, at times a small tree, rarely 20 ft. Mglx ; 



D 



